4.Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to
social pressure when we are with a group of people.In one classie experiment,people were shown a vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.
You might think that this is an absurdly easy task,and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well.However,psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group.In one study,a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙)of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also.In fact,75% of people gave at least one wrong answer,with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.
But why do people conform in this way?In an easy task like this,it seems that people do
not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group.On more difficult tasks,people also conform because they lose〔onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.
A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street?It turns out that you are much more  likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs.People are paralysed into inaction,because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

28.In Paragraph 1,the underlined word"conform"probably means"D"
A.seek independence     B.disobey orders
C.seek pleasure         D.follow what others do
29.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?ToB
A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others
B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others
C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded
D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others
30.In the last paragraph,according to the author,why wouldn't one help the woman?HeD.
A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand 
B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it
C.is too shy to give his helping hand           
D.thinks someone else will offer assistance
3l.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?A
A.Giving examples.
B.Cause-effect analysis.
C.Comparative analysis.
D.Process analysis.

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章向我們介紹了心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是最有主見(jiàn)的人當(dāng)與一群人相處時(shí)也會(huì)順應(yīng)社會(huì)壓力,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了人們很容易受到他人意見(jiàn)的影響,因此作者告訴我們要有主見(jiàn),有自己的決策權(quán).

解答 28.D  詞義猜測(cè)題,根據(jù)第一段Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform tosocial pressure when we are with a group of people.可知心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是最有主見(jiàn)的人當(dāng)與一群人相處時(shí)也會(huì)順應(yīng)社會(huì)壓力,根據(jù)前后文可推斷有主見(jiàn)的人與大多數(shù)人是一樣的,因此推知"conform"為順應(yīng),順從,故選D.
29.B  推理判斷題,根據(jù)第二段However,psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group.可知本段所描述的實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了向我們證明人們很容易受到別人的意見(jiàn)的影響,故選B.
30.D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)最后一段When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs.People are paralysed into inaction,because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.可知作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)人不去幫助在街上被襲擊的女人是因?yàn)榕赃呥有很多人,他認(rèn)為其他人會(huì)去幫助這個(gè)女人,故選D.
31.A  推理判斷題,通讀全文可知本文中作者主要通過(guò)舉例子的方式展開(kāi)對(duì)本文的描述,故選A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確選擇.在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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