Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(脛骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(橈骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (鈣) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
小題1:French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A．they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B．they were not interested in their own astronauts
C．the Russian government invited them to do their research
D．the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
小題2:Scientists have found that _______.
A．the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B．the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C．a(chǎn)stronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D．a(chǎn)stronauts should take some calcium before space travel
小題3:What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A．The food they eat in space.B．The drinks they take in space.
C．The temperature in space.D．The gravity in space.
小題4:In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A．unusualB．simpleC．weakD．slow

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:A

本文介紹了法國對太空宇航員長期在太空飛行，會使骨里的密度減少而對骨不利的研究。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第4段的定語從句who had spent one to six months in space可推知此題答案為D。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第5段第1句The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(脛骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可推知此題答案為B。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第6段Without gravity…所引起的結(jié)果，可推知此題答案為D。
小題4:詞義猜測題。上文提到對十五人進(jìn)行研究表明在整個(gè)航行過程中骨損在繼續(xù)，下文再說especially striking，可知是“特別明顯”的事，因此選A。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Unhappy people glue（使粘牢） themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.
The finding, announced on Thursday,   1  from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.
  2  happy people reported watching an   3  of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after   4  into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially   5 , attended more religious services, voted more and    6 a newspaper more often than their less-chipper（沒有精神的） counterparts.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness   7 more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.
In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they   8   it. In these studies, participants reported that on a   9 from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn't  10  .
"These conflicting data  11  that TV may provide viewers with short-run   12 , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to   13 at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing 14  push out other activities that do have more lasting   15 . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already  16 .
"TV is not judgmental 17 difficult, so people with  18 social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, "  19  , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating（使人衰弱的） and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively   20 by a TV."
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.
(    ) 1. A. comes                B. arrives              C. differs              D. results
(    ) 2. A. When                 B. As                    C. While               D. Therefore
(    ) 3. A. average              B. amount             C. number            D. effort
(    ) 4. A. speaking             B. talking             C. taking              D. getting
(    ) 5. A. active                 B. positive            C. crazy                D. cozy
(    ) 6. A. look                   B. read                 C. see                   D. take
(    ) 7. A. builds up            B. cuts down         C. leads to            D. tends to
(    ) 8. A. hate                   B. enjoy                      C. adopt                      D. adapt
(    ) 9. A. fashion                      B. group               C. scale                D. rate
(    ) 10. A. last                   B. decrease           C. widen               D. disappear
(    ) 11. A. report                      B. suggest             C. improve           D. admit
(    ) 12. A. excitement               B. pleasure            C. suffering          D. sadness
(    ) 13. A. glare                B. look                 C. stare                 D. fix
(    ) 14. A. should              B. must                C. could                      D. need
(    ) 15. A. comforts           B. laughter         C. pressures          D. benefits
(    ) 16. A. tired                 B. lonely              C. bored                      D. unhappy
(    ) 17. A. and                  B. neither             C. nor                  D. but
(    ) 18. A. few                  B. little                 C. many                     D. quantity
(    ) 19. A. Therefore          B. Furthermore     C. However          D. Yet
(    ) 20. A. controlled         B. transformed      C. persuaded         D. entertained

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(繩索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
小題1:What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.
B．It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.
C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.
D．It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.
小題2:The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.
A．to tie ropes to yourB．to control your fear
C．to move away from the wallD．to climb straight up
小題3:The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A．settlementB．exerciseC．excitementD．tiredness
小題4:Why does the author write this passage?
A．To tell people where to find gyms.B．To prove the basic need for climbing
C．To encourage people to climb mountains.D．introduce the sport of wall climbing

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated（證明）that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles．When a fragrant（香的）flavor（作料）was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”,  which humans soon lose．Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits．Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．
小題1:In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .
A．encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water
B．find out rats’ preference in flavor
C．test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D．demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless
小題2:According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________．
A．a(chǎn)dults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health
B．a(chǎn)dults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C．a(chǎn)dults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D．a(chǎn)dults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
小題3:The author implied in the passage that most of us_________．
A．eat a balanced diet
B．choose the food that is of nutrition
C．have the habits influenced by the surroundings
D．like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor．
小題4:As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________．
A．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B．both prefer flavored food and drink
C．both have the same eating patterns
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Gene technology to benefit people
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(壽命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary(遺傳的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.    
小題1:What does "these two killers" in the second paragraph refer to? 
A．gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.
B．The two murderers who killed the cloned baby
C．The two diseases of cancer and heart disease
D．Hereditary diseases and cancer
小題2: What's the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.
B．Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
C．Gene technology can help people to give birth of a baby.
D．Gene technology can help the English imperial family out
小題3:In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?
A．Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.
B．Using gene technology, scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.
C．Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.
D．Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.
小題4:What is the main purpose of writing this passage?
A．Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people
B．Telling people the advantages of gene technology
C．Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people
D．Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

                               
People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here, people are learning on  climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(繩索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
小題1:What can we infer from the passage?
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B．It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.
C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.
D．It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.
小題2:The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.
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C．to move away from the wallD．to climb straight up
小題3:The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A．settlementB．exerciseC．excitementD．tiredness
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A．To tell people where to find gyms.B．To prove the basic need for climbing
C．To encourage people to climb mountains.D．introduce the sport of wall climbing

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Many cancer patients are finding new hope in an unusual approach to cancer treatment. The common method has been developed by Carl Simonton, a specialist in the science of tumors.  1 can sometimes be "truly amazing," he says, when a cancer   2  lets his mind take part in the treatment.
Simonton remembers that his first patient might have been thought to be a "  3 ” case by some. "He was a sixty-one-year-old man with very severe throat cancer.  He had lost a great deal of weight. He could  4 swallow his own saliva and could eat no food.
"I taught him to  5  and mentally see his disease," Simonton says. "Then I had him  6  an army of white blood cells coming, attacking and  7 the cancer cells. The results of the treatment were both exciting and frightening. Within two weeks his cancer had noticeably become smaller and he was quickly gaining weight. I say it was '  8 ' because I had never seen such a change. I wasn't sure what was going on. I also didn't know what I would do if things went wrong. But  9 didn't go wrong.
"We may believe that we have the power in our own bodies to fight cancer as well as the power to   10  the disease in the first place.  With those patients who are willing to stay with us and try, we always find that the cancer has filled some emotional need."
小題1:1.
A．ResultsB．ResearchesC．RecordsD．Replies
小題2:
A．specialistB．a(chǎn)uthorC．patientD．a(chǎn)gent
小題3:
A．hopefulB．hopelessC．valuableD．worthless
小題4:
A．easilyB．mostlyC．carefullyD．barely
小題5:
A．worryB．be nervousC．relaxD．get angry
小題6:
A．supposeB．observeC．pretendD．picture
小題7:
A．overcomingB．managingC．treatingD．threatening
小題8:
A．frighteningB．interestingC．a(chǎn)musingD．relaxing
小題9:
A．IB．weC．theyD．it
小題10:
A．carryB．takeC．produceD．find

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy(謬誤) of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(戰(zhàn)壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奧斯維辛集中營), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms(癥狀).
51. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4            B. 5              C. 6              D. 3
52. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
53. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
54. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot                             B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds                 D. became very strong
55. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds
D. the continued spread of common colds

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Each morning during fifteen- minute bath, I determined to cultivate a big, happy smile. I found out it had to be an honest-to-goodness smile from down deep       , an outward expression of happiness from within!
Let’s see how the smile muscles       me during the day. I would think of the things I had to be       for, work up a big smile and then enter. It       people when I passed them on the street to give them a       smile. Give every living soul you meet the best smile you have       smiled in your life, and see how much better you feel and look. It’s one of the best ways to       worrying, and start living. When I began to do this, I found I became more welcome everywhere.
小題1:
A．outsideB．upwardC．insideD．forward
小題2:
A．helpedB．upsetC．satisfiedD．disappointed
小題3:
A．readyB．eagerC．thankfulD．famous
小題4:
A．greetedB．pleasedC．puzzledD．welcomed
小題5:
A．cheerfulB．forcedC．strangeD．bitter
小題6:
A．neverB．justC．a(chǎn)lreadyD．ever
小題7:
A．keepB．stopC．hateD．protect

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