Question

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.  
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
【小題1】John Sauven holds that________________.

A．many people value nature too much

B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

【小題2】What is the main idea of Para. 3?

A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

【小題3】What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

A．Objective.

B．Disapproving.

C．Sceptical.

D．Optimistic.

【小題4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

CP: Central Point   P: Point       Sp: Sub-point(次要點)    C: Conclusion

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：本文介紹了對于怎么對荒原的利用，作者對不同的人的不同的觀點進行客觀闡述。
【小題1】細節(jié)綜合題，第二段these "ecosystem services" far outweigh the gains from exploitation. 選B
【小題2】段落大意題，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。選C
【小題3】作者態(tài)度題，根據(jù)最后兩段的首句就可以看出作者的態(tài)度還是比較客觀的。選A
【小題4】文章結(jié)構(gòu)題，根據(jù)每段主旨推出。選D
考點：考查環(huán)保類短文
點評：題目設(shè)置兼有細節(jié)題，猜詞題和主旨題，要求考生即關(guān)注細節(jié)也要有一定的概括能力。