17．If you don't have a college degree，you're at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer's （老年癡呆）．Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder，and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（認(rèn)知的） advantage over those less educated in middle and old age．
Now，a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games，puzzles，reading，and lectures．
"The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive，but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long，"said lead author Margie Lachman，a psychologist．She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts，while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile （敏捷地）．
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory．The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference．"Among individuals with low education，those who are engaged in reading，writing，attending lectures，doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education，"said Lachman．
The study，called Midlife in the United States，assessed 3，343men and women between the ages of 32and 84with an average age of 56years．Almost 40percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree．The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas，verbal （言語(yǔ)的）memory and executive function---brain processes involved in planning，abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility．Participants were given a series of tests，including tests of verbal fluency，word recall，and backward counting．
As expected，those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests，but some with lower education also did well，explained Lachman．
"The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement，and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines，"said Lachman．"Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities，the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity （可塑性），and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle．"

72．What is the text mainly about？C
A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage．
B．Better memories result from college degree．
C．Cognitive activity does good to one's mind．
D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines．
73．According to the result of Margie Lachman's study，we can conclude thatD．
A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D．a(chǎn)n intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
74．What do we know about the study called Midlife？B
A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory．
B．The average age of the participants are 56years old．
C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas．
D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree．
75．Why are the findings of the Lachman's study promising？A
A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory．
B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines．
C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control cognitive functioning．
D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories．

分析 本文主要講了患老年癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的大小與人的受教育程度高低有關(guān)．

解答 CDBA
72．C 主旨大意題．本文主要講了患老年癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的大小與人的受教育程度高低有關(guān)，故C項(xiàng)符合題意．
73．D 推理判斷題．從文章第四段第一句話But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory．可知B項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的；從文章的第二、三段可知 C 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；A 項(xiàng)的education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance 是正確的，而 risk for mental disorder的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的．故選D項(xiàng)．
74．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章倒數(shù)第三段第一句話The study，called Midlife in the United States，assessed 3，343men and women between the ages of 32and 84with an average age of 56years．可知參與者平均年齡56歲．
75．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章最后一段第一句話"The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement，and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines，"可知低受教育者在保持記憶方面有同等機(jī)會(huì)，故答案為A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 做閱讀時(shí)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)的主要原因是，僅憑讀過(guò)文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來(lái)勾選答案，這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱．所謂閱讀理解，對(duì)于題目的理解一定要忠實(shí)于原文，因此，每一道題都應(yīng)該與原文作全面的對(duì)比與核查，再得出答案．也就是說(shuō)，閱讀理解的每一道題目，在原文都應(yīng)該有明確的出處，我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句，（1）排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)（2）排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng)  （3）排除用于過(guò)于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)（4）注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除．

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9．首先請(qǐng)閱讀下列William J．Bennett家庭教育系列讀物的封面及基本信息：
 A． Bennett gives this thrilling account of the virtues of America and the many brave men and women who have made it the powerful nation it is today．The tale of human struggle and victory captures what is unique about America．
 B． Filled with stories of the heroes and virtues，this book presents stories and poems that show children what it means to be an American，so this book is a national popular one and the best seller of the year．
 C． The book intends to inspire children to find heroes in their lives，such as Jackie Robinson，Abraham Lincoln and this book also includes tales about everyday people，such as a young boy who goes in search of an angel to watch over him，only to find that he has one---his mother．
 D．  This collection of stories will help children develop their most important quality，character and includes stories from the Bible，and from sources as diverse as well-known fairy tales，the philosophy of Plato，the poetry of Robert Frost and Aesop's fables．
 E． This book is a treasury of timeless stories which teach young people the importance of showing virtues in one's daily life．It is a perfect gift for graduation or other special occasions．Well-known works from Aesop，Dickens and Shakespeare are presented to teach virtues．
 F．  This inspiring book offers examples of good and bad，right and wrong in great works from literature and in stories from history．Organized by stages along life journey，these stories serve as reference on moral compass，guiding the readers through challenges in their life．
以下是購(gòu)書(shū)者對(duì)這些書(shū)籍的簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)論．請(qǐng)將簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)論與封面及基本信息匹配起來(lái)．
46．This great book by Bennett guides the kids to find heroes in their lives through a collection of stories．Also it just tells us stories about common people as heroes，which is very instructive．So it is very popular among the kids．C
47．Drawn from familiar western history as well as a wide selection of tales from Asia，Africa，and Latin America，the stories are great，designed to inspire as well as instructive．This book is a good guide that will help family members meet the challenges of life at any age．F
48．Bennett will make you feel terrific about America．The big topic of politics and war reclaim the place they used to enjoy in the old histories．He never misses the chance to tell a good story．He has an eye for the strange and the surprising about America．A
49．This book is well-received for children in America，because it is full of stories and poems to tell our kids how to be a hero and what virtues they should have，which can be their moral compass to their life and that will mean a lot to be American kids．B
50．Bennett selected stories and poems to teach young people the importance of virtues in their daily life，which is really a perfect gift for graduation or other special occasions．This book belongs on every young person's bookshelf．E．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

6．America is growing older．Fifty years ago，only 4out of every 100people in the United States were 65or older．Today，10out of every 100Americans are over 65．The aging of the population will affect （影響） American society in many ways-education，medicine，and business．Quietly，the graying of America has made us a very different society-one  in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior（行為）is suitable （合適）at various ages．A person's age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position，marriage or health．There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family．The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school，get a job，or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be．It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother，or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the firs time．Public ideas are changing．Many people say，'I am much younger than my mother-or my father-was at my age．'No one says‘Act your age'anymore．We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways．

51．It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in AmericaC．
A．has made people feel younger
B．has changed people's social position
C．has changed people's understanding of age
D．has slowed down the country's social development
52．The underlined word‘one'refers toA．
A．a(chǎn) society   B．America   C．a(chǎn) place   D．population
53．‘Act your age'means people shouldB．
A．be active when they are old
B．do the right thing at the right age
C．show respect for their parents young or old
D．take more physical exercise suitable to their age
54．If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm，the writer of the text would most probably consider itA．
A．normal  B．wonderful   C．unbelievable   D．unreasonable．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

7．Children's lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years．But do they have a happier childhood than you or I did？
It's difficult to look back on one's own childhood without some element of nostalgia（懷舊的）．I have four brothers and sisters，and my memories are all about being with them．Playing board games on the living room floor，or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children，racing up and down on our bikes，or exploring the nearby woods．My parents hardly appear in these memories，except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure．
These days，in the UK at least，the nature of childhood has changed greatly．Firstly，families are smaller，and there are far more only children．It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isn't time to bring up a large family，or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child．As a result，today's boys and girls spend much of their time alone．Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home，inside．More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers，so they wouldn't dream of letting their children play outside by themselves．
Finally，the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different．Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood．The iron（令人啼笑皆非的事情） is that so many ways of playing games are called"interactive"．The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today．
Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had？I personally believe that they do，but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same．
60．What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph？A
A．To get people's attention and lead in the topic．
B．To gather people's opinions on childhood．
C．To show who the passage is written for．
D．To compare the childhood lives of two generations．
61．Which is a reason for the changes？B
A．Families are bigger today
B．It's too dangerous to play outside．
C．Children play more interactive games
D．Parents worried too much about their children．
62．What does the writer focus on in the fourth paragraph？B
A．Young people today shouldn't play electronic games．
B．Some games that young people play today aren't really good．
C．Computer and video games have replaced the board games．
D．Board games are much more interesting than computer games．
63．The writer's attitude towards the childhood changing isB．
A．a(chǎn)pproving        B．objective         C．unconcerned    D．optimistic．

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