Question

【題目】 There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.

Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate (中等), and native speaking students.

To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.

Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.

【1】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.

B.Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.

C.It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.

D.Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.

【2】The word "subject" in the passage means _________.

A.the theme of listening materialB.the student experimented on

C.a branch of knowledge studiedD.a native speaker

【3】From Henning's result we can see that ________.

A.advanced students always remember words by their meaning

B.beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words

C.it is difficult to remember words that sound alike

D.it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning

【4】The passage centers on ________.

A.an experiment on studentsB.two kinds of memory

C.short-term memoryD.memory

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

本文屬于說明文閱讀。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了人類的短時(shí)間記憶以及Henning的不同程度英語學(xué)習(xí)者的記憶實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語初學(xué)者會(huì)短期記憶單詞的發(fā)音，而程度高的學(xué)生則是把單詞的意義短期記憶。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over.可知然而，短期記憶中的信息只保留幾秒鐘，通常是通過一遍又一遍地重復(fù)這些信息。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“短期記憶中的信息與長(zhǎng)期記憶中的信息不同”正確。故選D。

【2】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students.可知他實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象為75名大學(xué)生，可推測(cè)出subject是指參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生，故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning.可知Henning發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語熟練程度較低的學(xué)生在發(fā)音相似的單詞上犯的錯(cuò)誤更多;熟練程度高的學(xué)生在相同意思的單詞上犯的錯(cuò)誤更多。由此可知，從Henning的研究結(jié)果我們可以看出，初學(xué)者在區(qū)分單詞的發(fā)音方面有困難。故選B。

【4】主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知文章主要描述了一個(gè)記憶測(cè)試的實(shí)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)最終的結(jié)論初學(xué)者單詞的聲音保持短期記憶，而程度高的學(xué)生能把單詞的意義短時(shí)記憶�？芍�文章的中心是短期記憶。故選C。

詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中�？碱}型之一，可以大致分為

① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。

② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。

③ 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。

④ 語境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。

如第二小題，根據(jù)第二段中The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students.可知他實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象為75名大學(xué)生，可推測(cè)出subject是指參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生，故選B。