It’s the dirty little secret many shampoo companies don’t want you to know.  When you wash your hair with certain traditional chemical shampoos, you may actually be removing your hair and scalp（頭皮）of their natural oils.  These shampoos generate a thick bubble to clean hair, they can also create dryness, curl, dullness, and color fade. We then spend a lot of time and money on products that are effectively repairing the damage caused by shampoo.
Chaz Dean got tired of clients leaving his salon raving about their color and the feeling of their hair---brassy（似黃銅的） and dull. He knew the main cause was likely their shampoo, so he started experimenting with various ingredients, including natural herbs and botanicals, that he knew had cleansing（弄干凈）and hydrating (保濕的) properties.
The result was a totally new approach to the way we cleanse our hair.  It’s called WEN® Cleansing Conditioner.  WEN® contains a super-hydrating natural herbs and botanicals mixture of glycerin, chamomile(甘菊), rosemary, calendula, and Cherry bark, which when combined, will both cleanse the hair as well as give shine and softness, even to damaged hair.
WEN® is a 5-in-1 formula（配方） that takes the place of your shampoo, And the most amazing thing about it is that it cleanses without bubble.  Instead, when mixed with water, it creates a smooth bubble for shiny, healthy-looking, manageable results.  The first time you try it certainly feels strange, but the results speak for themselves.
Before being marketed, WEN® went through extensive consumer tests, and the results were impressive.  More than 90 percent of the participants in the studies reported that their hair was more shiny, less frizzy, and had more bounce.
WEN® is recommended for all hair types, and once you start using it, it will become the only cleanser/conditioner you will want to include in your daily routine.
Right now, WEN® is offering an easy way for online shoppers to try the product.  Now you just pay less than $30 and have a 60 day money back guarantee if you are not completely satisfied. Click here to learn more about WEN® and try this revolutionary new approach yourself.
小題1:We can infer from the first paragraph that _________________
A．All the shampoo companies are irresponsible.
B．Few traditional shampoos depend on chemicals for cleaning.
C．WEN® does harm to people’s hair.
D．It takes much time and money to repair hair damaged by shampoo.
小題2:What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “ raving about”(in para.2)?
A．smiling satisfactorily atB．shouting angrily for
C．crying excitedly forD．sighing silently at
小題3:Which is right according to the passage?
A．WEN® contains natural herbs and botanicals.
B．You cann’t use WEN® without bubble.
C．WEN® hasn’t been tested before selling.
D．WEN® is accessible only online.
小題4:Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Why are shampoos a waste of money B．Why do we need shampoos
C．WEN® is your best choice.D．WEN® has good guarantee
小題5:Where does the passage come from ?
A．magazineB．websiteC．newspaperD．text

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:B

試題分析：本文介紹了某些廠家的傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)洗發(fā)水對(duì)消費(fèi)者的頭發(fā)有損傷，會(huì)產(chǎn)生頭發(fā)變干、變卷、變脆和褪色的問題。WEN®產(chǎn)品是由自然草本植物成分組成，超級(jí)保濕，可以保護(hù)修復(fù)受損發(fā)質(zhì)，而且在清潔時(shí)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生泡沫。產(chǎn)品在投放市場(chǎng)前的消費(fèi)測(cè)試顯示消費(fèi)者對(duì)此項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品反映良好，此產(chǎn)品也可在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買，是一款日常必備的洗護(hù)用品。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：閱讀第一段內(nèi)容可知某些公司推出的傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)洗發(fā)水會(huì)損害頭發(fā)，使頭發(fā)變干、變卷、變脆和褪色，消費(fèi)者不得不花大量金錢和時(shí)間修復(fù)被這些洗發(fā)水損害的頭發(fā)。故選D。
小題2:推理題：劃線部分句意是查茲·迪安厭煩了離開沙龍的顧客激憤討論他們頭發(fā)顏色和發(fā)質(zhì)感覺——發(fā)黃和發(fā)暗。由“發(fā)黃和發(fā)暗”可知顧客并不滿意，常理可知顧客如果不滿意會(huì)大聲抱怨。故選B。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第三段中“WEN® contains a super-hydrating natural herbs and botanicals .”WEN®含有超級(jí)保濕的草本植物成分，故A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第四段中“And the most amazing thing about it is that it cleanses without bubble”最神奇的事情是它清潔是沒有泡泡，可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段中“Before being marketed, WEN® went through extensive consumer tests”在投放市場(chǎng)之前，WEN®通過廣泛的消費(fèi)者測(cè)試,可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段中“Before being marketed, WEN® went through extensive consumer tests, and the results were impressive”在投放市場(chǎng)之前，WEN®通過廣泛的消費(fèi)者測(cè)試，結(jié)果是令人印象深刻的，可知市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)良好，并不是只在網(wǎng)上銷售成功，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。
小題4:推理題：閱讀文章可知WEN®產(chǎn)品洗發(fā)護(hù)發(fā)效果很好，是消費(fèi)者的最好選擇。故選C。
小題5:推理題：根據(jù)最后一段中“ Click here to learn more about WEN® and try this revolutionary new approach yourself.”點(diǎn)擊這里了解更多關(guān)于WEN®產(chǎn)品并自己親自嘗試這種革命性的新方法。由此可知這是在網(wǎng)頁上出現(xiàn)的。故選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



People in several American states may be surprised to see cars on city streets without a driver. Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida, Nevada and California. They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road. The high-tech company Google has a number of self-driving cars, which had covered 480,000 kilometers by August. Volvo is among the companies doing road tests and says it plans to sell driverless cars by 2020.
In September, California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state. " Today we're looking at science fiction becoming tomorrow's reality-the driverless car. " The technology for these cars includes cameras, radar and motion sensors. The systems have been improved through competitions sponsored by the U. S. government agency DARPA. Engineer Richard Mason of the Rand Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races.
Cars have become much more fuel-efficient, and new electronic features are' making Hondas safer, said Angie Nucci of Honda America. " A camera on the passenger-side mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes. " Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars. These systems help drivers , but don't replace them. Curator Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer．
"By taking out drivers, you also remove most risks of an accident," Kendall said. He said consumers, however, may be unwilling to lose control. "It may take them time to come to realize that the technology is indeed reliable, but it will have to prove itself first. "
Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is getting down the cost for driverless vehicles from hundreds of thousands of dollars to something more affordable. He said this will happen as the technology is improved.
小題1:What can we learn from Paragraph l?
A. Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.
B. Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.
C. Driverless cars are pointing us' a faraway future.
D. Google's self-driving cars have covered a long distance.
小題2:We learn that Governor of California Jerry Brown_________.
A．helped design self-driving cars.
B．supports self-driving cars on roads.
C．considers self-driving cars science fiction.
D．improved the self-driving car systems.
小題3:What is the role of the systems mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．They can help people drive more safely.
B．They can take the place of drivers now.
C．They can make cars run without fuel.
D．They can help cars run much faster.
小題4:According to Richard Mason, what is the biggest challenge for driverless cars?
A．They are not allowed to run on the road.
B．Their technical problems remain to be solved.
C．They are now too expensive for consumers.
D．They are more dangerous for people on the street.
小題5:What's the best title of the passage?
A．The benefits of the self-driving cars.
B．The biggest challenge of the self-driving cars.
C．Safer or more dangerous-self-driving cars.
D．Self-driving cars-science fiction future is near.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the new book The Education of Millionaires，Michael Ellsberg suggests that although“there are many wonderful things you can learn in college，”few of them are applied to real life ．So Ellsberg has written the book to tell“the capabilities and attitudes that will get you improved outside the classroom．”
I welcome the kind of debate about the value of higher education.It is necessary to remember， however，that Ellsberg also tells how important it is to make money．He mentions a number of college dropouts一such as Bill Gates and Michael Dell一to show how successful they have become without the benefit of a college degree．While Ellsberg stresses the achievements of dropouts，he includes degree holders who have become wealthy and famous．For example，of the current Fortune 500 CEOs，some 99％have a college degree．Similarly，of the Forbes 400 richest people in America，81％hold postseconda.ry（高等）degrees.
But in the discussion，what is forgotten about the value is that the purpose of education is not simply to enable one to earn a living but to prepare one for living over the course of life ．What is also left out of the debate about higher education is that its purpose is not just to provide a pathway covered with gold for the nation’s elites（精英）．If we have the discussion that way，we may look down upon the people who devote themselves to other ordinary jobs that form the basic structures（結(jié)構(gòu)）of our society，Though these individuals may not be reaching for the kind of stars that Michael Ellsberg and others would have them grasp，most are doing something even more important：they are involved in the useful tasks of good citizens and contributing to the common welfare，including providing for their families．
小題1:In the book The Education of Millionaires，Michael Ellsberg＿＿＿．
A．a(chǎn)pproves of the value of education
B．explains the reasons for dropping out
C．tells the way of getting out of college
D．discusses the practical value of college degrees
小題2:The second paragraph suggests a fact that＿＿＿＿
A．the value of higher education is never challenged
B．higher education ensures people making more money
C．most of the richest people received college education
D．success of dropouts proves the value of higher education
小題3:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author＿＿＿
A．is keen on society charity workB．calls for the equality of all man
C．speaks highly of the nation’s elitesD．shows respect to common people
小題4:The passage is written mainly to．＿＿＿
A．persuade people to go to university
B．make a comment on a new book
C．complain about the college education
D．praise Michael Ellsberg for his hard work

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The arts, especially music, should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.
Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang (團(tuán)伙). Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.
Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence.
Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.
小題1:According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _______________.
A．improving their classroom skills and paying attention
B．improving their classroom skills and imagination
C．improving their attention, direction and imagination
D．learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas
小題2:What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean?
A．unwilling to turn onB．a(chǎn)lways looking
C．unwilling to leaveD．a(chǎn)lways playing
小題3:The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _______________.
A．give children self-expression and self-confidence
B．bring to children achievement and success
C．give children something to be proud of
D．develop children's self-confidence
小題4:What's the best title of this passage？
A．Music is a must as a course at school
B．Music builds children's self-confidence
C．Music makes students much smarter
D．Learning music and making music

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Alabama
Students in Alabama take the Alabama High School Graduation Exam, which consists of multiple-choice questions. In the classroom, Alabama high school students must prove specific skills in English and take certain math classes.
Among the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools in Alabama, two were awarded gold medals, 16 received silver medals and 72 were considered bronze medal schools. One of the gold medal schools, Loveless Academic Magnet Program High School, lies about 90 miles south of Birmingham in the state capital of Montgomery, within the Montgomery County School District.
Alaska
To graduate, Alaska high school students must get at least 21 credits, including a half credit in Alaska history. Alaska judges students from the third grade through senior grades. Students first take the Alaska High School Graduation Qualifying Examination at the tenth grade. It includes math, reading and writing skills.
10 schools were awarded silver medals and 21 received bronze medals among the U.S. News Best High Schools in 2013. While Alaska's capital is Juneau, several of the state's Best High Schools are in or near Anchorage, in the Anchorage School District.
Delaware
Delaware students have a high GPA（平均績(jī)點(diǎn)）and 10 hours of community service. If they hand in their FAFSA（自愿聯(lián)邦獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金）by a certain date, they may get the Inspire Scholarship, which helps pay for tuition at Delaware State University. Before they go to college, however, students must pass the Delaware Student Testing Program Exams.
Among the Delaware schools in the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools, there are three silver medal schools and four bronze medal schools. The top school in the state is Delmar Senior High School. It is part of the Delmar School District and is about 50 miles from Delaware's capital, Dover.
小題1:What's the passage mainly about?
A．The introduction to the Best High Schools in three states.
B．The different examinations in several high schools.
C．Scholarships in the Best High Schools in three states.
D．The things students should do before going to college.
小題2:It can be inferred from the text that______.
A．students with a high GPA can get the Inspire Scholarship
B．reading and writing skills are included in the tests in all the schools
C．Alabama has the most best high schools of the three states
D．a(chǎn)t least 21 credits are needed to graduate from all the schools
小題3:Which of the following in TRUE according to the passage?
A．The High School Graduation Exams are multiple-choice questions.
B．Both the gold medal schools in Alabama are in its capital.
C．There were 21 silver medal schools in Alaska in all.
D．Delmar Senior High school is the best in Delaware.
小題4:Alaska's graduation exam is different from the others' in the aspect that______.
A．it includes all the subjects the students learn
B．it includes its own state history as well
C．it includes math, reading and writing skills
D．it includes 10 hours of community service
小題5:The Inspire Scholarship is a prize______.
A．that any student in gold medal schools can apply for
B．that is given to the top students in gold medal schools
C．that helps to pay for tuition at Delaware State University
D．that is very difficult to get for students in silver medal schools

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study at Brunel University.
The research, which followed 200 students for four years, found that women consistently outperformed men in their studies even though they had started their courses with almost identical A-level grades.
An analysis of the results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of male graduates did as well. Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research showed that trend continued at university.
Fiona Smith, who led the research, said, “The research shows that the difference has something to do with schools in general.”
“It also shows something about the inequality for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receive less pay.”
The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.
Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.
In contrast, men were more likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “l(fā)aziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.
Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.
Dr Smith said, “Most women feel that getting good grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated (男性主導(dǎo)的) environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.”
“This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.
小題1:The research at Brunel University showed that women ________.
A．did worse than men both at school and at university
B．got better grades than men
C．paid little attention to their courses
D．often missed classes
小題2:Which of the following about men is TRUE according to the passage?
A．They work as hard as women.
B．They spend as much time on courses as women.
C．They play a lot more than women.
D．They consider good grades to be an “insurance policy” for success.
小題3:We can infer from the results of the research that ________.
A．women do better both at school and at university
B．female students are more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors
C．compared with men, women are in an unfavorable condition in the male-dominated world
D．it’s easier for women to get rises in pay and promotion
小題4:The main purpose of the research is to _________.
A．give the government some advice on higher education
B．show us some information about higher education
C．show the sex difference in higher education
D．make all students work hard and realize the importance of higher education

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters.
Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down.
"Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces.
A melody(樂曲) based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect.
Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music.
Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats.
"If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said.
小題1:The research mentioned in the passage is mainly about ______.
A．the change of music over timeB．a(chǎn)nimals’ response to music
C．special music for animalsD．the origin of music
小題2:When the monkeys heard the music they liked, they ______.
A．looked anxiousB．became restless
C．felt at easeD．made long calls
小題3:According to the passage, the monkeys are most interested in the music ______.
A．of Led ZeppelinB．of Miles Davis
C．of MetallicaD．specially composed for them
小題4:The aim of the research, according to Professor Snowdon, is to ______.
A．build better ties between animals and humans
B．compare monkeys and cats in term of music
C．develop new music based on animals’ calls
D．find better ways to keep animals under control

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.
These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （親社會(huì)的）manner in the future.
Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.
Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker（貼紙） with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.
Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.
“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.
小題1:_______ helps children to share more in the future.
A．Rewarding children for sharing
B．Forcing children to share
C．Allowing children to share precious things willingly
D．Allowing children to share what they don’t need
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” means _______.
A．have an opposite effectB．serve as a push
C．cause angerD．a(chǎn)void taking things back
小題3:Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _______.
A．they regret what they didB．it’s not their own choice
C．Ellie is not as sad as DoggieD．they like to share with a real person
小題4:We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A．parents will never find a way to get children to share toys
B．a(chǎn) gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice
C．children pretend to be generous when they are being observed
D．making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every time you go to the supermarket you come away with your purchases packed in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment if you asked for paper bags instead?
The answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are drawbacks to using both plastic bags and paper bags.
80 percent of groceries in the US are packed in plastic bags and the numbers are becoming huge. Consumers use between 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags per year worldwide.
Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.
Further damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish, their main source of food, and often choke on them.
However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.
Paper bags use more energy and create more waste than plastic bags. Plastic bags require 40 percent less energy to produce and cause 70 percent less air pollution. They also release as much as 94 percent less waste into the water than paper ones do.
But paper bags do break down more quickly than plastic bags. They don’t endanger wildlife, either.
So what should we do? One possible solution would be to use biodegradable plastic bags. “Biodegradable” means that the bags break down naturally just like a piece of banana peel when it is left outside.
But until biodegradable technology improves, it might be easier to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags.
小題1:Compared to paper bags, plastic bags ______.
A．produce 6 percent more waste
B．can be made biodegradable more easily
C．can be used as a source of food
D．save 40 percent of the energy
小題2:By saying “The answer is not as easy as it might seem,” (in paragraph 2) the writer means _____.
A. biodegradable plastic bags can compete with paper
B. paper bags seem to be kind to environment
C. it’s difficult to say whether plastic or paper bags are better for the environment
小題3:What does the author suggest people use at the present time?
A．Paper bagsB．Plastic bags
C．Biodegradable plastic bags.D．Cloth bags.

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