Where on Earth are you? Navigators (導航員) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to find an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean.
Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times. The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to find an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate (精確) for their time.
Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian (本初子午線) we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century that they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today.
When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location. If we want to identify the absolute location of a point, we look where the latitude and longitude lines cross nearest to that point. We use the coordinates (坐標) for that point as its address. Many maps today include degrees of latitude and longitude.
小題1:______ make it possible for people to find an exact place on Earth.
A．LatitudesB．LongitudesC．NavigatorsD．Sailors
小題2:The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A．the function of latitudeB．the use of the equator
C．the invention of astrolabeD．the high quality instruments
小題3: Why do maps include degrees of latitude and longitude?
A．To help trade expeditions.B．To locate a precise place.
C．To cross the lines of the nearest point.D．To identify how far a place is.
小題4:The best title for this passage is ____________.
A．The map and the globeB．Latitude and longitude
C．The equator and the prime meridianD．Absolute coordinates

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：文章介紹什么是經(jīng)度和緯度，通過經(jīng)度和緯度可以準確的找到地球上的位置。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Navigators (導航員) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. 可知是導航員人們知道自己的位置。選C
小題2:段落大意題：從第二段的句子：Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. 可知這段講的是緯度的功能。選A
小題3:細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location.可知使用經(jīng)度和緯度可以準確的定位。選B
小題4:主旨題：文章介紹什么是經(jīng)度和緯度，它們的作用。是圍繞經(jīng)度和緯度展開的。選B
點評：本文考查細節(jié)題為主，細節(jié)題可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關的信息?或是其變體。搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要它包括理解作者在敘述某事時使用的具體事實、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細節(jié)信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法?即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關的詞語或句子，再對相關部分進行分析對比，找出答案。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bicycle Safety

Operation　Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus. Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention　Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes　Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet　A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.
Lights　Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus　As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking　
Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
×No bicycle registration…$25      ×Bicycle parking banned…$30
×Blocking path with bicycle…$40   ×Violation of bicycle equipment requirement…$35
小題1:Registration of your bicycle may help you 　　　.
A．find your stolen bicycleB．get your serial number
C．receive free repair servicesD．settle conflicts with walkers
小題2:According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?
A．Brakes.B．A helmet.C．A headlight.D．A taillight.
小題3:If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined 　　　.
A．$25B．$30C．$35D．$40
小題4: What is the passage mainly about?
A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus
B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus
C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus
D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When someone says “SHARK” most people think of a big, toothy, underwater animal; basically we are imagining a Great White. In fact sharks come in all shapes, sizes and even colors! Follow me please; I’d like to show you a very special small shark commonly known as horn sharks, only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America.
Look at this shark, and you can easily see the horns on it and you will know the reason why it is called the horn shark is that it has the broad, flattened head and two large horn-like spines(脊椎) found behind its eyes and makes it one of the hardiest of all shark species. What makes it unique is that as its enemy attempts to swallow it, the spines on its back will stick into the enemy’s mouth and give a good chance for it to get away.
The horn shark is brown in color with black spots all over its body. The adults can reach up to a length of 4 feet and weigh up to 10 kg. An interesting fact about the horn shark is that it has five gills(鰓). The horn shark is a clumsy swimmer using its flexible pectoral fins(胸鰭)to push itself along the bottom of the ocean. The maximum distance that has ever been recorded for a horn shark to have traveled out from its habitat is 10 miles.
Today, as so little is known about its population off the Californian coast, they have been listed as being “Data Deficient” in the World Conservation Union. The horn shark is being threatened both by water pollution and commercial fishing in the area. Though they are not among those sea creatures hunted primarily for food, but they often get caught as a by-catch in fishing expeditions.
小題1:The horn shark gets its name for______.
A．its small sizeB．its large eyes
C．its two large spinesD．its brown color with spots
小題2:How is paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A．By giving descriptionsB．By following time order
C．By analyzing causesD．By making comparisons
小題3:Which factors contribute to the horn shark’s being on the “Data Deficient” list?
①That people like hunting them for pets       ②That people fish them for fun
③Water pollution off the coast               ④Knowing little about them
A．①②B．②③C．①④D．③④
小題4: According to the passage, all of the following are unique to the horn shark EXCEPT that_____.
A．it doesn’t travel far
B．it is good at swimming
C．its spines can be used to attack the enemy and escape
D．it is only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
(392 words)
小題1:The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.
A．they had no model in their mind
B．they did not have sufficient time
C．they had no ready-made components
D．they could not assemble the components
小題2:It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.
A．consists of a flight device and a control system
B．can just fly in limited areas at the present time
C．can collect information from many sources
D．has been put into wide application
小題3:Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D．Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Father of Robotic Fly
B．Inspiration from Engineering Science
C．Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D．Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (氣泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (減壓) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (標本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食動物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (獵物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
小題1:Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A．A twisted body.
B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D．A drop in blood pressure.
小題2:The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
小題3:Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ______.
A．confirmed his assumptionB．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumptionD．changed his research objectives
小題4:Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.
A．failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。請將答案寫在答題紙上的相應位置。（每空1詞）
The Chinese are very generous(慷慨大方的) when it comes to educating their children. Some parents send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the US or Australia, regardless of how much this costs. Many also want their children to take extra-curriculum activities where they either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes that will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is, so parents often spend unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples buy a computer for their son or daughter.
However, what most parents fail to see is that the best education they can give their children is usually very cheap. Parents can see that their children's skills vary; they will usually be skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today's children lack self-respect and self-confidence.
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study effectively. They are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents can help achieve this by teaching their children practical skills like cooking, sewing and other housework.
Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. The result, a well-cooked dinner, will give a child a lot of satisfaction and confidence.
An old machine such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child as a toy may make him curious and arouse his interest. If he will spend hours looking at it, and try to mend it; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. Such activities do more than teach a child to read a book; but rather they teach them to think, and to use their minds. This is much more important than learning by reading a book.
Title
How Chinese Parents Should 小題1:________ Their Children
Common practice
Being 小題2:_________ with money when it comes to education.
Sending them to the best schools or 小題3:__________.
Taking extra-curriculum activities so as to 小題4:__________ a head start in life.
Spending more money than they can afford on education.
Bad results
Children's lacking in self-respect and小題5:___________.
Suggested 小題6:__________
Teaching their children practical skills, which are of the greatest
小題7:____________.
Cooking.
Sewing.
Other housework.
小題8:__________ a broken radio or TV.
小題9:_______ results
To make the children hardworking and confident.
To enable them to 小題10:____________ and to use their minds.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Plants have family values, too; it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.
An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.
Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.
This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.
“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.
The study found plants from the same species of beach­-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families.
Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.
This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.
Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.”
Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted.
Some researchers speculate(猜測) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the message?
A．Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.
B．Kin selection is important for plants.
C．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.
D．Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives.
小題2:Which of the following is NOT right about animals’ social skill?
A．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.
B．Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources.
C．Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together.
D．Animals’ social skill is no use at all.
小題3:Plants’ kin selection is to ________.
A．grow wellB．compete with other kinds of plants
C．strengthen the relationship among siblingsD．find which one is the best
小題4:From the passage，we learn that ________.
A．sea rocket is a South American species
B．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors
C．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings
D．sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers
小題5:How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?
A．Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.
B．Plants communicate with each other through their roots.
C．Plants communicate with each other by their leaves.
D．Plants communicate with each other with their flowers.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you practice reading with passages shorter than book length, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get the stuck on individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly first to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized word can be a great help in getting this skeleton outline of the passage. It is surprising how many people do not read titles, introductions or paragraph headings. Can you, without looking back, remember the title of this passage and the heading of this paragraph?
Most paragraphs of a passage or chapter have a 'topic sentence' which expresses the central idea. The remaining sentence expand or support that idea. It has been estimated that between 60% and 90% of all expositive（說明的）paragraphs in English have the topic sentence first. Always pay special attention to the first sentence of a paragraph; it is most likely to give you the main idea.
Sometimes , though , the first sentence in the paragraph does not have the feel of 'main idea' sentence. It does not seem to give us enough new information to justify a paragraph. The next most likely place to look for the topic sentence is the last sentence of the paragraph.
Remember that the opening and closing paragraphs of a passage or chapter are particularly important . The opening paragraph suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while the closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence （精髓）.
小題1:It is a good idea to skim through a passage quickly first ________.
A．at about 350 w. P.m.(words per minute)
B．to get the general idea of each paragraph
C．so that you can take in each word separately
D．to make sure you get to the end at least once
小題2:The topic sentence of an expository paragraph in English_______.
A．usually comes in the middle
B．is most likely to be found at the end
C．is most often at the beginning
D．is usually left out in expository writing
小題3:Most expository paragraphs in English have a clearly defined topic sentence. In such paragraphs the topic sentence comes first ________.
A．in about 40% of casesB．in about 80% of cases
C．in about 20% casesD．very rarely
小題4:Some times we know the first sentence is not the topic sentence because ________.
A．it does not seem to give us enough new information
B．it is not long enough
C．it does not come at the beginning
D．it does not make complete sentence

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Reading is not the only way to gain knowledge of the work in the past. There is another large reservoir (知識庫) which may be called experience, and the college students will find that every craftsman (工匠) has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them. The information from them differs from that in textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical (理論的) part -- the explanations of why things happen -- is frequently quite fantastic (神奇的) . But the demonstration (示范) and report of what happens, and how it happens are correct even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms. Presently the college students will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristotle could talk to the fisherman, so can he.
　　Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father to son , or mother to daughter, of old country customs ,of folklore (風俗). All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild grass.The college students should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.
小題1: In the last paragraph the phrase "this wide, confused wilderness" refers to _____.
A．personal experience
B．wild weeds among good plants
C．the information from the parents
D．the vast store of traditional practices
小題2: Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A．The college students have trouble separating good plants from wild grass
B．Craftsman’s experience is usually unscientific
C．The contemptuous (傲慢的) college students will receive nothing from craftsmen
D．Traditional practices are as important as experience for the college students
小題3: The author advises the college students to ______ .
A．be contemptuous to the craftsman
B．be patient in helping the craftsman with scientific terms
C．learn the craftsman’s experience by judging it carefully
D．gain the craftsman’s experience without rejection
小題4: The main idea of this passage is about ________.
A．what to learn from the parentsB．how to gain knowledge
C．why to learn from craftsmanD．how to deal with experience

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