3.Section B (10 marks)
Directions:Read the following passage.Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony-while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often or lightly.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a good,strong reason.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk strategy.

-→•Public apology is much more than a(an)(61)personal/individualact.
•It's no(62)easyjob to strike a balance between apologizing or not.
•Apologies not (63)properly/appropriately/successfully/rightlyoffered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
Why has the issue of public apology been so(64)urgentnow in USA?-→•In an (65)apology culture,admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
•The(66)growing importanceof public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
-→•Being public figures,leaders are supposed to appear (67)strong and capable.
•There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to (68)express apology/apologizein public.-→•Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and  (69)(even) professionally risky.
•Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do (70)damage/harmto their organization.

分析 本文主要講述了道歉的重要性,尤其提到作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人什么時(shí)候該出面向公眾道歉什么時(shí)候不該.

解答 61.personal/individual  細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第一段第三句"The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution."可知在公眾面前道歉不僅僅是個(gè)人行為.
62.easy 概括題.第一段Why Difficult?..When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.描述了道歉是一件非常困難的事情,換句話說就是不容易的事情.
63.properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly  細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第一段倒第二句"A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony-while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin."可知道歉是否得當(dāng)關(guān)乎重大.
64.urgent 細(xì)節(jié)題.由第二段第一句話The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是否應(yīng)該公開道歉的問題從未更為緊迫可知,填urgent.
65.a(chǎn)pology culture 細(xì)節(jié)題.由第二段第二句During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and.. 可知在過去的10年里,美國(guó)人尤其養(yǎng)成了一種道歉文化,故答案為apology culture
66.growing importance 細(xì)節(jié)題.由第二段第三句More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.可知,公眾道歉的影響已經(jīng)被大眾傳媒報(bào)道.
67.strong and capable 細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第三段第四句"They are expected to appear strong and capable.他們被期望表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大和有能力"可知答案.
68.express apology/apologize 細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第三段最后一句Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.可得知作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在公共場(chǎng)合作適當(dāng)?shù)牡狼甘潜仨毜?br />69.(even) professionally risky 細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第四段第三句"Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky."可知領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是公共任務(wù),他們的道歉有可能會(huì)使得自己不舒服也有甚至有風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
70.damage/harm 細(xì)節(jié)題.由第四段第四句"Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也可能害怕承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤會(huì)損害或摧毀他們負(fù)責(zé)任的組織."可知答案.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測(cè),一定要做到有理有據(jù).

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Recent Speakers
John Lipsky,F(xiàn)ormer Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund Carmen Reinhart,Professor of Economics,Harvard University
Gain a Career-Building Edge
Economics knowledge.a(chǎn)nalytical abilities and the ability to apply economic analysis to real-world
problems give our students a distinct professional advantage.Whether you are interested in pursuing a
career in international finance,public policy,economic development,or research,the M.I.E.F.program
provides students with a firm grasp 0f the theory and tools of international economics and finance and the
functioning of the International economic system.
Career Services
Students in the M.I.E.F.program work with staff in the International Economics department and Career
Services professionals to help them explore careers and set goals and develop a network of professional
contacts.This is acquired through:
Group and individual assessments and counseling to help students develop focused career goals Job.hunting workshops and employment fairs
Professional skills courses designed to strengthen specific professional skills,such as presentation
techniques and consulting skills
Introduction and networking opportunities through the SAIS Economics Alumni(校友)Network
(SEAN)
A Global Alumni Community
As an SAIS graduate,you will join a 16,000一strong lifetime community of friends and colleagues around
the world.Our distinguished alumni are leaders in government,business,journalism and nonprofit groups in
more than 140countries.
64.The passage is written in order toD.
A.discuss the diversity of SAIS
B.a(chǎn)nalyze the M.I.E.F.program
C.display the advantages of SAIS 
D.a(chǎn)ttract students to the M.I.E.F.program
65.What helps students in the M.I.E.F.program improve their presentation techniques?C
A.Networking opportunities.
B.Job-hunting workshop.
C.Professional skills courses.
D.Group and individual assessments.
66.The students in the M.I.E.F.Program stand out becauseD
A.they come from around 75nations
B.their curriculum is a lot more challenging
C.they join the 16,000一strong lifetime global alumni community
D.they are able to apply economic analysis to real-world problems.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

13.Shakespeare's Sister
Let us imagine,since facts are so hard to come by,what would have happened had Shakespeare had a wonderfully gifted sister,called Judith.
Shakespeare himself went,very probably-his mother was an heiress-to the grammar school,where he may have learnt Latin-Ovid,Virgil and Horace-and the elements of grammar and logic.He was,it is well known,a wild boy who poached (偷獵) rabbits,perhaps shot a deer,and had,rather sooner than he should have done,to marry a woman in the neighborhood,who bore him a child rather quicker than was right.That escapade sent him to seek his fortune in London.He had,it seemed,a taste for the theatre; he began by holding horses at the stage door.Very soon he got work in the theatre,became a successful actor,and lived at the centre of the universe,meeting everybody,knowing everybody,practicing his art on the boards,exercising his wits in the streets,and even getting access to the palace of the queen.
Meanwhile his extraordinarily gifted sister remained at home.She was as adventurous,as imaginative,as curious to see the world as he was.But she was not sent to school.She had no chance of learning grammar and logic,let alone of reading Horace and Virgil.She picked up a book now and then,one of her brother's perhaps,and read a few pages.But then her parents came in and told her to mend the stockings or mind the stew(燉鍋) and not moon about with books and papers.They would have spoken sharply but kindly,for they were practical people who knew the conditions of life for a woman.Soon,however,before she was out of her teens,she was to be engaged to the son of a neighboring wool stapler(經(jīng)銷商).She cried out that marriage was hateful to her,and for that she was severely beaten by her father.Then he ceased to scold her.He begged her instead not to hurt him,not to shame him in this matter of her marriage.He would give her a chain of beads or fine dresses,he said; and there were tears in his eyes.How could she disobey him?How could she break his heart?
The force of her own gift alone drove her to it.She made up a small parcel of her belongings,let herself down by a rope one summer's night and took the road to London.She was not seventeen.The birds that sang in the woods were not more musical than she was.She had the quickest fancy,a gift like her brother's,for the tune of words.Like him,she had a taste for the theatre.She stood at the stage door; she wanted to act,she said.Men laughed in her face.The manager-a fat,loose-lipped man-howled with laughter.He roared something about puppies dancing and women acting-no woman,he said,could possibly be an actress.She could get no training in her craft.Could she even seek her dinner in a bar or roam (游蕩) the streets at midnight?Yet her genius was for fiction and lusted to feed abundantly upon the lives of men and women and the study of their ways.At last-for she was very young,oddly like Shakespeare the poet in her face,with the same grey eyes and rounded brows-at last Nick Greene the actor-manager took pity on her; she found herself with child by that gentleman and so-who shall measure the heat and violence of the poet's heart when caught and confined in a woman's body?-killed herself one winter's night and lies buried at some cross-roads where the omnibuses (公共汽車) now stop outside the Elephant and Castle.
That,more or less,is how the story would run,if a woman in Shakespeare's day had had Shakespeare's genius.

65.From Paragraph 2,we can find Shakespeare once did all of the followings butB.
A.hold horses at the theatre          
B.be the centre of the universe
C.perform plays on the stage         
D.go to the palace of the queen
66.What can we infer from Judith's teen life?D
A.She got less affection from her parents than her brother.
B.She was willing to be engaged to a wool stapler.
C.Her father wanted to make a fortune by her marriage.
D.She was cared for but was expected to live a girl's life.
67.Which of the following is NOT true about Judith's genius?C
A.She had an unbelievably sweet voice.
B.She was fond of creating literary works.
C.She liked acting and was an expert actress.
D.She had a great talent for the tune of words.
68.What is the right order of Judith's life events?C
a.She was forced to be engaged.
b.She found herself pregnant by Nick Greene.
c.She had no chance of schooling.
d.She fled away from home to London.
e.She put an end to her life.
A.c-a-b-d-e      
B.a(chǎn)-c-b-d-e      
C.c-a-d-b-e         
D.b-c-a-d-e
69.Why did Judith commit suicide to end her life?D
A.The fat manager rejected her and even insulted her.
B.She married the wrong person and couldn't face it.
C.She couldn't tolerate the violence of the poet's heart.
D.She was caught between her ideal and the reality.
70.From the passage,we can safely draw the conclusion that in the age of ShakespeareC.
A.women couldn't make their achievements at any level
B.women could enjoy themselves domestically and socially
C.women couldn't possibly act on the stage or write plays
D.women could make their own decision as to their marriage.

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