Question

 

No one can fail to stand in awed（令人敬畏的）admiration of the great discoveries of history-Newton’s laws of motion , Kepler’s principles of planetary movement , Einstein’s general theory of relativity . Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting , theatre , music , and literature , which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts . What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving ?

A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity . The solution to a problem , we are told , often comes to thinkers in a “ flash of insight（頓悟）” , although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time . As a particular form of problem solving , these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past , whether this be of the “ public ” sort known to science , or of the “ private ” sort known to the artist .

Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem , often over fairly long periods of time . Indeed , it would be strange if they had not done this . Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society . The act of discovery , even in the relatively predictable（可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的）sense that it occurs in everyday learning , involves（涉及）a “ sudden insight ” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation . As we have seen , everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past , which is involved in the solution .

1.Newton , Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to       .

A. bring about the subject of the discussion    B. explain that scientists are more creative

C. show the difference between science and arts D. prove that arts require more personal efforts

2.While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements , thinkers sometimes also depend on their        .

A. artistic tastes                              B. sudden insight    

C. admiration of discoveries                    D. scientific experiments

3.What does the underlined word “ this ” refer to ?

A. Great contributions to the society .         B. Long-time study of the subject matter .

C. Various statements about problem solving .   D. Complete devotion to artistic creation .

4.We may conclude from the passage that       .

A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning

B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries

C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature

D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.A

【詳解】從全文可以知道，它主要講述的是，科學(xué)家，藝術(shù)家他們的靈感，科學(xué)成就取得的方式。而提到這兩個(gè)人是為了引出文章所要表達(dá)的中心議題。

2.B

【詳解】從第二段we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight”可以知道他們有時(shí)是依靠他們的頓悟的。

3.B

【詳解】從第三段的第一句，我們可以知道它在此處的意思應(yīng)該是指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)研究。

4.B

【詳解】從第二段第一句A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity .說(shuō)明頓悟是一種體現(xiàn)，又從最后一段everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past，我們可以得出結(jié)論，科學(xué)家，藝術(shù)家他們的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)既需要頓悟也需要他們過(guò)去的知識(shí)長(zhǎng)期研究和思考。

【備考建議】

    近年來(lái)，高考題的閱讀理解出現(xiàn)了以下特點(diǎn)：

*1、所選文章題材廣泛、真實(shí)，內(nèi)容貼近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活。涉及學(xué)生生活、社會(huì)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題、語(yǔ)言和新聞方面的內(nèi)容，關(guān)注社會(huì)和人文現(xiàn)象，有現(xiàn)代氣息，語(yǔ)言原汁原味。

*2、文章類型多樣化，有敘事、說(shuō)明、議論及實(shí)用文體。

*3、從多個(gè)層面考查學(xué)生閱讀理解能力，包括文章主旨大意、理解細(xì)節(jié)、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞、詞組意義，特別增加了對(duì)語(yǔ)篇深層內(nèi)容理解的考查力度以及概括總結(jié)的能力。

建議考生多進(jìn)行語(yǔ)篇的訓(xùn)練——這是做好完形、閱讀理解和書(shū)面表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵，時(shí)刻要有文章整體的語(yǔ)篇理念，要從宏觀入手去理解全文。同時(shí)，還得注意語(yǔ)速的強(qiáng)化——高考考場(chǎng)上的成敗，速度起一定作用。平時(shí)要有意識(shí)地在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上提速。