All penguins (企鵝) swim in cold waters and so need a good layer of insulation (隔離), some species come ashore in hot places.Humboldt penguins,for example,nest in arid hot - 40°C, deserts on the west coast of South America, while others survive the lowest temperatures of any animals.Male Emperor penguins,as we know, spend the Antarctic winters incubating eggs in temperatures that can fall below -70°C. The insulation is provided in layers, under the skin is a thick layer of fat, then there is a layer of downy feathers that trap air, and finally another layer of waterproof feathers that keep the cold water away from the skin. With all this insulation penguins have no problem keeping warm at temperatures down to about -10°C - although they have special adaptations of the circulatory system to keep their feet from freezing and to prevent much heat loss through the feet that are on the ice. At lower temperatures penguins have to huddle (蜷縮) together to keep warm. In such huddles the penguins gradually move from the hot interior to the cold outside so that every penguin has his turn in the middle and on the outside.

In hot climates, penguins suffer greatly from overheating. They use several strategies to lose heat. They puff up their feathers so that air can circulate to their skin; they hold their flippers（腳蹼）out from their bodies and pump hot blood to them so that they can act as radiators; they open their mouths and breathe to lose heat from their hot breath; and those species that live in hot climates also have several bare patches of skin around the eyes and feet, they send blood to these bare patches when they are hot - you can recognize a hot penguin since it will have pink eye patches and pink patches on its feet.

77. Which of the following are the ways for penguins to keep warm?

a. staying together in good social order 

b. several layers as radiators

c. a special circulatory system       d. waterproof feathers

e. sending blood to bare patches

f. always staying in the middle

A. a, b, c B. a, c, d C. b, c, e D. c, d, f

78. The insulation consists of _______ layers.                  

      A. two    B. three   C. four    D. five

79. The underlined "puff up" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______.

      A. breathe deeply   B. blow up     C. hold tight   D. spread out

80. The passage mainly tells us ______.

      A. how penguins stay warm in cold places   B. that penguins are a clever animal

      C. how penguins keep their temperature       D. why penguins can live a safe life

【小題1】B

【小題2】B

【小題3】D

【小題4】C

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆湖北省黃石二中高三適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.
Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins.
The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.
Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠奪者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.” The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.
However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently ---- and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.
【小題1】According to the passage, what overall message is presented?

A．No firm conclusions are drawn.
B．Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.
C．Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.
D．Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.
【小題2】Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?
A．Penguins are harder to research when they have young.
B．Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.
C．Not all penguins behave in the same way.
D．Penguins need better protection from tourists.
【小題3】What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?
A．They are groundless.B．They are factual.
C．They are descriptive.D．They are conflicting.
【小題4】What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean?
A．Later on.B．Calmly.C．Separately.D．In the same place.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010屆湖北省高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)系列二 題型：閱讀理解


All penguins (企鵝) swim in cold waters and so need a good layer of insulation (隔離), some species come ashore in hot places.Humboldt penguins,for example,nest in arid hot - 40°C, deserts on the west coast of South America, while others survive the lowest temperatures of any animals.Male Emperor penguins,as we know, spend the Antarctic winters incubating eggs in temperatures that can fall below -70°C. The insulation is provided in layers, under the skin is a thick layer of fat, then there is a layer of downy feathers that trap air, and finally another layer of waterproof feathers that keep the cold water away from the skin. With all this insulation penguins have no problem keeping warm at temperatures down to about -10°C - although they have special adaptations of the circulatory system to keep their feet from freezing and to prevent much heat loss through the feet that are on the ice. At lower temperatures penguins have to huddle (蜷縮) together to keep warm. In such huddles the penguins gradually move from the hot interior to the cold outside so that every penguin has his turn in the middle and on the outside.
In hot climates, penguins suffer greatly from overheating. They use several strategies to lose heat. They puff up their feathers so that air can circulate to their skin; they hold their flippers（腳蹼）out from their bodies and pump hot blood to them so that they can act as radiators; they open their mouths and breathe to lose heat from their hot breath; and those species that live in hot climates also have several bare patches of skin around the eyes and feet, they send blood to these bare patches when they are hot - you can recognize a hot penguin since it will have pink eye patches and pink patches on its feet.
77. Which of the following are the ways for penguins to keep warm?
a. staying together in good social order 
b. several layers as radiators
c. a special circulatory system                    d. waterproof feathers
e. sending blood to bare patches
f. always staying in the middle
A. a, b, c                    B. a, c, d                    C. b, c, e                    D. c, d, f
78. The insulation consists of _______ layers.                                       
A. two                        B. three                      C. four                       D. five
79. The underlined "puff up" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______.
A. breathe deeply         B. blow up                 C. hold tight               D. spread out
80. The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. how penguins stay warm in cold places       B. that penguins are a clever animal
C. how penguins keep their temperature          D. why penguins can live a safe life

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年湖北省高三適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.

Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins.

The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.

Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠奪者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.” The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.

However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently ---- and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.

1.According to the passage, what overall message is presented?

A．No firm conclusions are drawn.

B．Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.

C．Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.

D．Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.

2.Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?

A．Penguins are harder to research when they have young.

B．Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.

C．Not all penguins behave in the same way.

D．Penguins need better protection from tourists.

3.What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?

A．They are groundless.

B．They are factual.

C．They are descriptive.

D．They are conflicting.

4.What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean?

A．Later on.

B．Calmly.

C．Separately.

D．In the same place.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年廣東省高三5月考前臨門一腳模擬考試英語試題（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Penguins live together，but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own.When a penguin wants to walk through its neighbor’s ground，it must ask permission.If it does not do that，it will have to fight.Most of the time，penguins live on the water.They eat shell fish and look after their children carefully.

All penguins are good parents—the male penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They walk in the sea in the middle of the dark Antarctic water. They choose their wives in the dark.They can only hear them—not see them.Then the female penguins lay their eggs and go away for about two months.The males take care of the eggs.If the eggs get cold，there will be no chicks.There is no food.The snow falls heavily and the wind blows strongly—sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour.The penguins do not move.When the females return from the sea，they will not remember their husbands.It does not matter.Only one thing matters—the eggs.Male penguins never fight—unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute.They then fight because they all want it.They are strange and wonderful birds.

1.It seems interesting and unusual that the male penguins choose their wives ______.

A．when the female penguins return from the sea

B．just by hearing in the darkness

C．each time they see the lovely females

D．a(chǎn)fter they have had their own grounds

2.Male penguins fight when ______.

A．they choose their wives

B．they see a chick left alone

C．they want to get something to eat

D．they walk through their neighbors’ ground

3.From the passage we know that ______.

A．penguins live a hard life

B．penguins live in pairs

C．penguins will fight if one walks through others’ ground without permission

D．each penguin has a little piece of ground of its own

4.The penguins choose their wives in the dark. We can infer that ______.

A．penguins like nights very much

B．there is no daytime in that place at all

C．the weather is cloudy and rainy all the year around

D．the sun can’t shine there for nearly half a year every year

5.Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Female penguins take care of the eggs.

B．Female penguins often have their new husbands.

C．Male penguins use their ears to choose wives.

D．Male penguins don’t move when they take care of eggs，even though the wind often blows strongly.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇省高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語題 題型：閱讀理解

The emperor penguin is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and lives in Antarctica. The male and female are similar in size, reaching 122 cm in height and weighing anywhere from 22 to 45 kg. The back and head are black, contrasting sharply with the pale-yellow breast and bright-yellow ears. Like all penguins, it is flightless, with a streamlined body and their wings stiffen and flatten into flippers(鰭狀肢) for a marine habitat.

Its diet consists primarily of fish, but can also include animals with hard shells. In hunting, the species can remain underwater up to 18 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m. Its unusually structured hemoglobin(血紅蛋白)allows it to function at low oxygen levels.

The emperor penguin is perhaps best known for the journeys adults make each year in order to mate and to feed their babies. The only penguin species that breeds(繁殖) during the Antarctic winter, it goes on a long journey of 50-120 km over the ice to breeding areas which may include thousands of individuals. The female lays a single egg, which is incubated(孵化)by the male while the female returns to the sea to feed; parents take turns searching for food at sea and caring for their chick. They both care for the chick until it is able to enter the water to find food on its own. During the process of incubation, the male can lose up to 1/3 to 1/2 of his body weight. One of the coolest things about the male is that if the chick comes out its egg before the female returns, the male can actually produce a special liquid to feed the chick. He can only do this for a short time. If the female doesn’t return, he must leave the chick to go on with his own life. The emperor penguin can typically live for 20 years in the wild, although observations suggest that some individual may live to 50 years of age.

1.We can learn from paragraph 1 that ____.

  A. the emperor penguin is the world’s largest kind of penguin

  B. the emperor penguin has pale-yellow ears

  C. the male and female emperor penguins are of different sizes

  D. the emperor penguin lives in the most northern area on the Earth

2.The emperor penguin can stay underwater for a long time mainly because of its ____.

  A. strong wings     B. streamlined body     C. structured hemoglobin     D. special diet

3.The emperor penguin differs from other penguin species in that ____.

  A. it gives birth in the Antarctic winter        B. it feeds mainly on fish

  C. the male won’t search for food on his own   D. it can only live for a short time

4.According to the passage, ____.

  A. the egg of the emperor penguin is mainly incubated by the female

  B. many emperor penguins will stay together to breed

  C. the male emperor penguin will give up his own life to feed the chick

  D. the female emperor penguin will leave the chick forever once it lays an egg

 

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