Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激發(fā)) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

1.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They’re socially inactive.

B. They’re good at telling stories.

C. They’re careful with their words.

D. They’re inconsiderate of others.

2.Which tend to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

A . Science articles. B. Sports news.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

3.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B .Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

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Passage outline

Supporting details

Understanding of stress

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3.of stress

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Time management refers to managing time effectively so that the right time is allocated to the right activity. Time management is essential in every field of life because time is the precious resource one needs to accomplish a task. Every single moment that passes once will never come back again. Time management helps you do your task in time and use your time more productively. It helps you to identify the useless activities which can be avoided and how time can be saved. It helps you allocate proper time for a task and perform the task more efficiently.

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Time management

Definition

You manage your time effectively for the 1. of giving the right time to the right activity.

Significance

●It is essential in every field of life because of the 2. of time.

●It helps you do your task in time, use your time more productively, 3. wasting time, give proper time to a task and perform the task more effectively.

4.

●Identify all the activities in your daily routine and remove 5. ones.

●Strictly 6. time spent on activities for entertainment.

●Games and physical exercise are helpful to keep you fit physically and 7. , but the amount of time spent on them should not exceed what is reasonable.

●Time is always wasted in an insensible way, so take care.

●Manage the present time more effectively in order not to cry over the 8. in the future.

Steps

● 9. all the activities in your daily routine.

● Calculating how much time you need for your studies other than other activities.

● 10. time for different subjects.

● Identifying the right time for each subject.

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