Since ancient times, people have known about its ability to reduce pain and high body temperature. More than 2000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow.
The tree contains a chemical called salicin（柳醇）. From salicin, researchers in the 1800s discovered how to make salicylic acid（酸）. And in 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later it became the active substance in a new medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The "a" came from acetyl. The "spir" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the "in" Well, that is a common way to end medicine names.
In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin blocks the body from making natural substances called prostaglandins（前列腺素）.Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling（ 腫瘤; 膨脹）, of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels （血管）work well. But there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme（酶）. One form of this enzyme makes the prostaglandin that causes pain and swelling. Another form of the enzyme creates a protective effect. So aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine（腸）.
小題1:What sickness can the medicine from the willow deal with according to the passage?
A．ColdB．ToothacheC．CancerD．Skin disease
小題2:What can we know about Prostaglandin according to the passage?
A．It results from pain.
B．It prevents the lining of the stomach and small intestine.
C．It causes blood vessels to work wrongly.
D．It is sometimes good but sometimes bad.
小題3:What can we know about aspirin according to the passage?
A．Aspirin can treat almost diseases.
B．Aspirin can create the protective enzyme.
C．Aspirin can harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine.
D．Aspirin can protect the inside of the stomach and small intestine.

小題1:B
小題2:D 
小題3:C
文章講述了阿司匹林的發(fā)明過程和它的具體作用。
小題1:B 根據(jù)第一段可知這種物質(zhì)可知止痛，選項中只有B是疼痛，故B正確。
小題2:D 推理題。根據(jù)第三段.Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling（ 腫瘤; 膨脹）, of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels （血管）work well.可知前列腺素有些方面對人有好處，有些方面對人有壞處。
小題3:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine（腸）.可知C正確。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

You and I have principles.  And we also have opinions.  I have opinions  about what I think is  36  or wrong, good or bad. But they’re only  37 ---I could be wrong! I won’t try to  38 my life around my opinions, but I will try to 39 my principles.
A 15-year-old boy learned a(n)  40 lesson about principles. On his way home he found a 41 that contained  $127 and the owner’s identification.  42 hesitation, he hopped(快速跳) onto his bicycle and went over to the owner’s  43 ---about a mile away.  He told her that he had 44 her wallet and she gave him a big hug and twenty dollars.
That evening the boy told his parents about what had happened. However, his father said, “I don’t think you should have  45 $20 for doing what you should do. A person shouldn’t be  46 for being honest.”.
He thought about his father’s  47 and decided he would return the money.  He returned to the lady’s home and   48 her  back the twenty dollars.  She didn’t want to take it,  but he told her she  49  to ,  for his father pointed out  50 to him that he had never  51 before.
When principles  52 our decisions and actions,  we actually change. These great principles  53 our lives and make us into persons of character.  That boy is  54 to be raised by a wise father who had the  55 to say, “Those are my principles.”
小題1:
A．rightB．mistakenC．goodD．bad
小題2:
A．decisionsB．opinionsC．suggestionsD．wishes
小題3:
A．wasteB．shareC．buildD．risk
小題4:
A．followB．makeC．a(chǎn)dvertiseD．change
小題5:
A．difficultB．easyC．funnyD．valuable
小題6:
A．bagB．boxC．walletD．suitcase
小題7:
A．WithoutB．InC．AboutD．For
小題8:
A．factoryB．schoolC．officeD．house
小題9:
A．foundB．checkedC．searchedD．threw
小題10:
A．receivedB．suppliedC．a(chǎn)cceptedD．borrowed
小題11:
A．blamedB．rewardedC．praisedD．forgotten
小題12:
A．worriesB．a(chǎn)ctionsC．excusesD．words
小題13:
A．setB．putC．gaveD．took
小題14:
A．plannedB．hadC．preferredD．a(chǎn)ttempted
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)nythingB．everythingC．somethingD．nothing
小題16:
A．realizedB．guessedC．metD．taught
小題17:
A．interruptB．guideC．confuseD．a(chǎn)llow
小題18:
A．limitB．preventC．keepD．shape
小題19:
A．comfortableB．carefulC．fortunateD．brave
小題20:
A．chanceB．rightC．courageD．wisdom

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend? Now you   36  do both at the same time. Home shopping television networks have become a   37  for many people to shop without   38        having to leave their homes.
Some shoppers are   39  of department stores and supermarkets —  40 
the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimes having slight   41  of finding anything they want to buy. They’d rather sit quietly at home in front of the TV set and   42  a friendly announcer describe a product  43  a model shows it. And they can   44  around the clock, buying something  45  by making a phone call.
Department stores and even mail-under companies are   46  to join in the success of home shopping. Large department stores are busy   47  their own TV channels to encourage TV shopping in the future.   48  can ask questions about products and place   49  , all through their TV sets.
Will shopping by television   50  take the place of shopping in stores? Some industry managers think so.   51  many people find shopping at a   52  store a great enjoyment. And for many shoppers, it is still important to   53  or try on dresses they want to buy. That’s   54  specialists say that in the future, home shopping will   55  together with store shopping but will never entirely replace it.
小題1:
A．mustB．shouldC．shallD．can
小題2:
A．programmeB．wayC．reasonD．purpose
小題3:
A．everB．neverC．stillD．once
小題4:
A．proudB．fondC．tiredD．careful
小題5:
A．fightingB．strikingC．treatingD．stopping
小題6:
A．senseB．doubtC．hopeD．feeling
小題7:
A．seeB．watchC．letD．notice
小題8:
A．untilB．sinceC．ifD．while
小題9:
A．shopB．waitC．turnD．deliver
小題10:
A．suitablyB．cheaplyC．simplyD．hardly
小題11:
A．nervousB．luckyC．equalD．eager
小題12:
A．putting upB．making upC．setting upD．looking up
小題13:
A．GuestsB．AssistantsC．ManagersD．Customers
小題14:
A．ordersB．goodsC．booksD．a(chǎn)nswers
小題15:
A．lastlyB．finallyC．especiallyD．fortunately
小題16:
A．ThenB．YetC．HoweverD．Therefore
小題17:
A．generalB．popularC．realD．true
小題18:
A．designB．makeC．wearD．touch
小題19:
A．howB．whyC．whatD．when
小題20:
A．existB．practise C．followD．a(chǎn)ppear

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(層)of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(巖漿) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. according to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash—covered grass to the sharp object.
小題1:What makes Grimsvom different from other volcanoes?
A．It is below ice.
B．It lies under the sea
C．It is the largest volcano
D．It is lava affects the airlines
小題2:What keeps Grimsvom still?
A．The slow flow of water.
B．The low water temperature.
C．The thick glacier.
D．The water pressure.
小題3:Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?
A．People stop traveling in Europe.
B．Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.
C．It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.
D．Farmers have lost many of their animals.
小題4:This text is most probably taken from________.
A．a(chǎn) research paper
B．a(chǎn) newspaper report
C．a(chǎn) class presentation
D．a(chǎn) geography textbook

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Water, which covers about 74 percent of the earth’s surface, is man’s most precious resource. Without it we cannot live. Clean water keeps us alive; polluted water means disease and death.Keeping our water pure is by no means an easy task but it is something that must be done.
Hong Kong once prided herself on being the “Fragrant Harbour”. However, these days, it is not certain if Hong Kong’s harbour could still be called “fragrant”. For, like many other places, Hong Kong has not been spared water pollution. A visit to Tolo and Victoria Harbour, or any of the beaches in Hong Kong is enough to make one aware of the ugly truth that Hong Kong waters are indeed polluted.
The great threat to our water is bacteria pollution. Another great source of water pollution is poisonous chemicals. These substances, which are found in industrial waste and agricultural pesticides, make up unseen dangers that enter biological food chains.
Pollution control is a continuing problem for the government. It is believed that the most effective form of control is legislation（立法）. Most importantly, the present laws on pollution should be given more force. On the other hand, no amount of legislation can effectively control pollution unless those concerned are properly educated about the danger posed by pollution.
While a great majority of Hong Kong citizens and residents seem to be greatly concerned about ways to control water pollution, it is discouraging to note that there are, in our midst, some people who remain apathetic（無動于衷）about the problem. In a recent radio programme conducted on what people in the streets thought about the water pollution problem, one apparently unconcerned person said, “What do I care about water pollution? I don’t drink polluted water. As long as the water I drink is not polluted, I’m not bothered. Water pollution is too big a problem and let’s leave it to the government.”
If all residents in Hong Kong will take such an indifferent attitude, all the government’s attempts to control pollution, let alone the anti-pollution legislation, will prove useless. The best form of pollution control each citizen can employ is to be aware of his surroundings. We hope that someday, the problem of water pollution in Hong Kong will cease to alarm us.
小題1:By the underlined sentences, the writer wants to show that ______.
A．we should not use polluted water
B．it is our responsibility to keep our water clean and safe
C．clean water is vitally important to the survival of human beings
D．water is abundant but very expensive
小題2:What can you infer from the second paragraph?
A．Hong Kong indeed deserves the name.
B．Hong Kong never deserves such a name.
C．Hong Kong can’t avoid the damage of pollution.
D．Hong Kong has failed to live up to such reputation.
小題3:The writer quotes the words in the programme to show us that a block to the solution of the problem is _________.
A．people’s lack of education
B．people’s I-don’t-care attitude
C．people’s wait-and-see attitude
D．people’s over-dependence on the government
小題4:In the final analysis, the best approach to the problem of water pollution is ________.
A．legislation
B．rapid development of modern science
C．mass education
D．everybody taking care of his own surroundings

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people believe they don't have imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us，once we became adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isn't always connected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time routinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve，a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.
This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles：light，fire，matches, wax，night，silence，etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.
　  Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/money，etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If，for example，your goal is to learn to ski, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December，or every Monday in January.
Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators use this technique in business，and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people, put yourself “in their shoes”. The best fishermen think like fish!
小題1:According to the passage, when we become adults, _________ .
A．most of us are no longer creativeB．we can still learn to be more creative
C．we are not as imaginative as childrenD．we are unwilling to be creative
小題2:The second technique suggests that you just imagine
A．setting a goal is as simple as skiing
B．new possibilities will soon appear
C．December and January are the best months for skiing.
D．you have every resource to achieve your goal
小題3:The phrase “put yourself in their shoes” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______  .
A．dress yourself like themB．think as they would
C．do as they ask you toD．put on their shoes
小題4:We learn from the third technique that a good salesman should ask himself “ _________ ?”.
A．what do I usually doB．what did my boss tell me to do
C．what are my customers' needsD．how should I sell my products

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Whatever field we are involved in，we always have to look for ways to expand our knowledge.An increase in knowledge in a particular subject can lead to a better understanding，grasp，judgment，intelligence and ability in that area.So how do we go about gaining knowledge?
I think people are the biggest source of knowledge for anybody.Right from childhood，we have learned things by watching others.Whatever field you want to gain knowledge in，there must be many who have experience in that field.So make use of this valuable source of information by learning from the experience，success，mistakes and skills of others. Study carefully and associate with people who are experts in the field you want to gain knowledge in.
The next best source of knowledge should be books.There are millions and millions of books in every language and on almost any topic imaginable.Whatever problem you are facing must have been faced by somebody else before，and its solution is likely to have been preserved in the form of a book.If you are serious about gaining knowledge about a topic，then read any book，magazine，article etc.You can lay your hands on the books related to that topic.Read as much as you can.
It is said that experience is a great teacher，so learn from your past experience and the experience of others.Learn from your and others’ past and present achievements as well as mistakes.
Experimenting with new things and observing new things can help you learn very quickly. Keep in mind，though，that while experimenting，you may encounter a few failures , too.Do not become discouraged as failures are a part of the learning curve，especially while attempting something new.Try to earn from failures instead of becoming disheartened.
小題1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this text?
A．Books are the biggest source of knowledge.
B．An expert can teach people everything useful.
C．Mistakes are the best source of knowledge.
D．People from an early age have learned things from others.
小題2:If a person decides to learn about a topic，he or she should________.
A．prepare well for the coming problems
B．experiment or observe as much as possible
C．read as many books related to that topic as possible
D．make friends with as many experts in that field as possible
小題3:The author would NOT agree that________.
A．experimenting with new things is the quickest way to learn
B．people can learn from their own experience and others’
C．people can learn from both achievements and mistakes
D．failures teach people something
小題4:This text mainly talks about________.
A．the importance of learning
B．means of gaining knowledge
C．ways to become successful
D．the advantages of reading

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is only during the last few years that man has generally realized that in the world of nature a balance exists between all forms of life. No living thing can exist by itself. It is part of a system in which all forms of life are joined together. If we change one part of the nature order, this will almost certainly bring about changes in some other parts.
　　The cutting of forests reduced the supply of oxygen. The killing of weeds and insects by chemicals led to the wide-spread poisoning of animals and birds. The throwing of waste products into the ocean hurt life in the sea, while waste gases changed the chemical balance of the atmosphere and shut out some of the sun’s necessary life-giving rays.
　　And so we could go on adding more examples until in despair(絕望) we might feel like giving up the struggle to control these harmful human activities. Man is very clever at changing the world around him to satisfy his immediate needs, but he is not so clever at looking far ahead, or at thinking about what the future results of his action might be. Man may well destroy himself because of his silly action.
小題1:The first paragraph tells us that _____.
A．a(chǎn)ll living things in nature depend on each other
B．everything in nature can’t exist without the help of man
C．man has known the importance of the balance of nature for a long time
D．no living thing can live naturally
小題2:In the second paragraph the examples given are used to prove that _____.
A．a(chǎn)ll forms of life belong to a system in which all the parts can be changed for one another
B．it is only during the last few years that man has generally known the balance of nature
C．there are some living things which can exist by themselves without change
D．we can’t change one form of life without destroying the balance of nature
小題3:The last paragraph suggests that in order to get his immediate benefits(利益) _____.
A．man is always anxious to control his activities within limits
B．man is always too eager in planning for distant future
C．man often fails to think about their future results of his action
D．man often feels that he will have to give up in despair
小題4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Cutting down woods does little harm to human beings.
B．Man has to pay much more attention to the future results of his present action.
C．Oxygen comes from forests.
D．The passage tells us to try our best to get as much as possible immediately.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It takes years of school to develop math skills, but learning about numbers starts earlier than you might think. Now according to a new study, at three months, babies have already started acquiring a concept (概念) of “how much”.
Previous research had suggested that very young babies can tell when the number of objects (物體) in a group has changed. But the babies in these studies were simply reacting generally to the fact that something had changed, they suspected.
Researchers of Harvard University studied 36 babies, all three months old. During the tests, each baby wore a hat with sensors (傳感器). The babies watched a series of images on a computer screen. They showed the same object, such as a cartoon character. For a while, the number of the objects in the pictures didn’t change. Then the images began to display a different object, or a different number of one of the objects the babies had previously looked at. As soon as something changed, the babies’ brains responded with a specific pattern of electrical signals, which would be recorded by sensors.
By analyzing these signals, the researchers discovered that one part of the brain (near the top on the left side) responded when the object in the image changed. A different part of the brain (lower and on the right side) responded when the number of objects in the image changed. This was not the area of the brain that is involved in attention. That suggests that the babies’ brains are doing more than just reacting to a change in what they’re seeing – they actually seem to be able to tell number changes from other types of changes.
Numbers and amounts are important concepts in our lives. Even though babies are years away from adding, subtracting (減), multiplying, and dividing, their brains seem to be preparing for a time when they finally will.
小題1:Why were hats with sensors used in the study?
A．To record the images on the computer screen.
B．To remind babies of the changes of numbers.
C．To record the electrical activity of each baby’s brain.
D．To help babies concentrate on the computer screen.
小題2:What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．Babies involved in the study.
B．Sensors worn by the babies.
C．Numbers marked on the objects.
D．Images shown on the computer screen.
小題3:Which part of the brain is responsible for responding to the changes of numbers?
A．The top.
B．The left side.
C．The lower and the right side.
D．The upper and the left side.
小題4:The last paragraph mainly implies that           .
A．babies are in fact cleverer than they are thought
B．it is impossible to understand human brain completely
C．numbers play the most important part in people’s lives
D．the ability of babies remain a mystery to scientists
小題5:The purpose of the study is to prove that          .
A．math skills should be developed as early as possible
B．numbers are easier for babies to judge than images
C．babies really do have some sense of numbers
D．babies can react differently to what they see

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案