3．Six years ago，a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects，and could possibly describe them．In an interview with police，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．
Several days later，psychologist Ronald P．Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman．Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough （突破）-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．She then recalled several details about his appearances．This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case．
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive （認知的） interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．In its original form，the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events，reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected，retelling events in kinds of time orders，beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward，and accepting different views while recalling events．
Usually，an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects．
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．
56．What is the purpose of this passage？D
A．To give an description of a murder case in an office．
B．To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview．
C．To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall．
D．To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview．
57．The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more byC．
A．strengthening her memory
B．giving her encouragement
C．rebuilding her memory
D．giving her more time
58．It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview，the interviewer mainly plays aArole．
A．directing B．questioning C．disappointing D．interrupting
59．What is the key point of the cognitive interview？B
A．The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time．
B．The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information．
C．The interview should take place outside the police station．
D．The witness should recall details at the scene of the event．
60．Police trained in the cognitive interview method canA．
A．get more information from the witness than before
B．decrease the error rate
C．solve the cases more quickly
D．use the method more skillfully than the psychologists．
分析 本文寫了一個婦女目擊了一次謀殺，作為證人被警方詢問很多的細節(jié)都不是很清楚了，辦案民警發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)Fisher的幫助進行所謂的認知知識面試，得到突破．
解答 56．D．主旨大意題．全文的關(guān)鍵詞the cognitive interview（the interview）雖然并未在文章一開頭就出現(xiàn)，但在以后的段落中反復出現(xiàn)，因此選項D能概括本文主題．選項A是第l段涉及的內(nèi)容，只是本文的引子；選項B是第2段所涉及的內(nèi)容；選項C是作者為了介紹cognitive interview而使用的例子，并非全文的目的．所以答案是D．
57．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第3段第1句逗號后的結(jié)構(gòu)a kind of memory-rebuilding process可推斷出答案為C．選項B在倒數(shù)第2段第l句提及，但"鼓勵"只是認知訪談的第一個步驟，所以不符合題意．選項A和D文章沒有提及．故答案選C．
58．A．推理判斷題．從第3段第l句提到妁conducting和第2句中的guiding兩個詞看來，可知認知訪談中訪問者主要是引導受訪者，也就是選項A．倒數(shù)第2段第1句rather than后的分句已說明受訪者不只是回答問題，所以可以推斷選項B錯誤．文中雖有提及受訪者要play an active role，但并不等于說訪問者是被動或次要角色，故選項C和D不對．所以答案選A．
59．B．事實細節(jié)題．文章第4段第l句an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role 指出了面試者通過鼓勵證人來積極參與信息的傳遞，選項A與該段第2句相悖，選項C和D文中并未提及，所以答案選B．
60．A．細節(jié)理解題．最后一段是一個賓語從句，該賓語從句they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training他們從證人那里得到的信息比訓練前多出近50%，表明選項A正確，所以答案選A．
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點．
