Question

7．只有通過(guò)參與志愿者活動(dòng)才能有效地增強(qiáng)中學(xué)生服務(wù)大眾的責(zé)任感．（Only ）Only by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community can their sense of responsibility to serve thepeople be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．

Answer 1

分析 只有通過(guò)參與志愿者活動(dòng)才能有效地增強(qiáng)中學(xué)生服務(wù)大眾的責(zé)任感．

解答 答案：Only by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．考查Only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句用倒裝．
Only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community，主句can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．用部分倒裝．involving…in 表示"參與"；be enhanced/strengthened/improved 是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示"被增強(qiáng)"

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查漢譯英．
部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分如助動(dòng)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前．
1、否定副詞如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，以及含有no，not的短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝．
①Never in my life have I heard such a thing．
②Little did we expect that he could come．
③Not a single word did he say at the meeting．
④By no means should we do like this．
注意：如上述句子中的否定副詞不置于句首時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不倒裝．
2、以否定詞開(kāi)頭的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)
注意：No sooner…than…，Hardly/scarcely…when…，Not only…but also，Not until…
①Not until late in the evening did he come back．
②Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout．
③Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house．
注意：No sooner…than…；hardly…when；not only…but also這類(lèi)句型，只將前半部分倒裝，后半部分用正常語(yǔ)序．
3、當(dāng)only置于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝．
①Only in this way can we learn English well．
②Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed．
4、so，neither，nor在句首表示"也"或"也不"句子要部分倒裝．
①Tom is very kind．So am I．
②I like English．So does Jack．
③I can't speak English．Nor/Neither can he．
注意：so 后主、謂語(yǔ)不倒裝表示前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確定．
試比較：
Tom is very kind．So am I．（兩個(gè)人，一樣情形）
Tom is very kind．So he is．（一個(gè)人，一種情形）
湯姆非常和藹．他就是如此．
5、由as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句形成倒裝．
①Child as he was，he could speak five languages．
②Hard as he work，you can't support your family．
③Try as you do，you will ever win．
注意：表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞"a"應(yīng)被省去．
She-maker as he was，he was very happy．
6、so…that/such…that句型中so，such 位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝．
①So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．
7、省略了if 的虛擬條件從句中，主謂形成了部分倒裝（虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句中，省略 if 后，had，were，should等應(yīng)提前）
①Had you told me earlier，I could have done something．
②Should anyone call，tell him to call in the afternoon．
③Were I you，I would try it again．