【題目】 Food companies engineer junk food to make it addictive. They label their products to make them seem much healthier than they are. Their advertisements target children. All of this is according to a news report read recently by students in a Texas middle school. They were taking part in an experiment run by the University of Chicago and the University of Texas. “I don't understand how this is even legal, ” said a girl who took part in the study.

Researchers had students learn about food-industry advertising strategies. They wanted to know if learning about them would change how kids feel about junk food. All over the world, kids are eating more foods that are high in salt, sugar, and fat. That is partly the result of clever ads that make junk food irresistible. Christopher J. Bryan led the study. He says that when kids question the motives behind junk food ads, they feel like they're fighting injustice. The reward is knowing they are doing the right thing.

Junk food has been linked to health problems such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes，But in 2018，food companies spent nearly $9 billion TV ads selling unhealthy fare. Companies use varying strategies. An ad with cartoon characters may make chips seen fun to eat. A professional athlete enjoying a sugary drink may make it look cool. Advertisers know that if kids want a product, they'll annoy their parents to buy it. Even parents don't notice the power of ads. By the time they are adults they have been used to junk-food advertising. They just don't see it.

In the Texas study, Bryan had students view ads on iPad. Their job was to write or draw on the screen, to make each ad's message true. For example, a McDonald's ad showed a Big Mac (巨無霸) and the words “The thing you want when you order salad. ” To the end of the sentence, a student added “should be salad”.

Three months after analyzing ads, students were still choosing healthier snacks: milk instead of sugary juices, fruit over cookies. Kids are becoming conscious of themselves as agents in the world. They see a chance to make the world a better place.

【1】What is the purpose of the experiment?

A.To survey what snacks children like best.B.To guide children against unhealthy food.

C.To find ways to make junk food healthy.D.To teach children how to pick out legal food.

【2】How do children feel about junk food advertisements after the experiment?

A.Cool.B.Legal.

C.Funny.D.Misleading.

【3】Why are parents unaware of the harm of junk food advertisements?

A.Parents have never seen such junk food advertisements.

B.Advertisements have blinded them since they were young.

C.The food industry has special advertising strategies for parents.

D.Parents have to agree with their children about the junk food.

【4】How did students conduct the experiment?

A.By correcting unreal advertisements.B.By offering suggestions to food industry.

C.By making up their own advertisements.D.By studying food industry advertising strategies.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。食品公司設(shè)計(jì)垃圾食品使其上癮。他們給產(chǎn)品貼上標(biāo)簽，讓它們看起來比實(shí)際健康得多。他們的廣告針對的是兒童。研究人員通過引導(dǎo)孩子分析垃圾食品的廣告，認(rèn)識(shí)這些廣告的誤導(dǎo)性，從而自覺抵制不健康的食品。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Researchers had students learn about food-industry advertising strategies. They wanted to know if learning about them would change how kids feel about junk food.可知研究人員讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)食品行業(yè)的廣告策略。他們想知道了解這些食品是否會(huì)改變孩子們對垃圾食品的看法。由此可推知，研究的目的是要引導(dǎo)孩子們正確認(rèn)識(shí)垃圾食品。故選B。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中They label their products to make them seem much healthier than they are.可知他們給產(chǎn)品貼上標(biāo)簽，讓它們看起來比實(shí)際健康得多。以及第二段中That is partly the result of clever ads that make junk food irresistible.可知這在一定程度上是由于巧妙的廣告使垃圾食品難以抗拒。由此可推知，孩子們在實(shí)驗(yàn)之后意識(shí)到了垃圾食品廣告的誤導(dǎo)性。故選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句By the time they are adults they have been used to junk-food advertising. They just don't see it.可知到他們成年的時(shí)候，他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了垃圾食品廣告。他們只是看不出來。由此可知，父母從小就受到垃圾食品廣告的蒙蔽。故選B。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中For example, a McDonald's ad showed a Big Mac (巨無霸) and the words “The thing you want when you order salad. ” To the end of the sentence, a student added “should be salad”.可知例如，麥當(dāng)勞的一則廣告展示了一個(gè)巨無霸，上面寫著“你點(diǎn)沙拉時(shí)想要的東西”。一個(gè)學(xué)生在句子的最后補(bǔ)充了一句“應(yīng)該是沙拉”。由此可知，孩子們是通過糾正虛假廣告來進(jìn)行這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的。故選A。

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