Question

【題目】 Researchers in Japan have installed (安裝) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.

The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2018-19.

Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the danger of a fast-moving train. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.

This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRD). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. The barking of the hunting dog, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.

RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include still barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but the unpleasant noises will not be so loud in areas where people live beside the tracks.

【1】Why are deer attracted to train tracks?

A.To get close to the passing trail.B.To get nutrition from train tracks.

C.To hunt for food near the train tracks.D.To gather together at night near railways.

【2】What has been tried to solve the railway problem in Japan?

A.Robots.B.Hunting dogs.

C.Lion face paintings.D.Specially designed tracks.

【3】What do we know about the speaker?

A.Its inventors drew inspiration from deer’s habit.

B.It will be put to use in areas where deer appear.

C.It will affect people who live beside the track.

D.It has decreased more than half of deer sighting.

【4】What is the passage mainly about?

A.A dietary habit of deer.

B.A traffic problem caused by deer.

C.A battle between human and animals.

D.An invention designed to keep deer off the tracks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

本文是說(shuō)明文。為了防止鹿撞上鐵軌，日本的研究人員在火車(chē)上安裝揚(yáng)聲器，發(fā)出像狗一樣吠叫、像鹿一樣短而尖銳的聲音。這樣鹿感覺(jué)到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，就會(huì)驚慌地逃離。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks（鹿被鐵路線吸引是因?yàn)樗鼈兊娘嬍承枰�鐵。它們舔那些由于車(chē)輪與軌道的作用而產(chǎn)生的鐵屑。）”可知，鹿被吸引到鐵軌，是因?yàn)樗鼈円獜蔫F軌上獲取鐵這種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。故選B項(xiàng)。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.”可知，日本嘗試過(guò)用獅子臉的畫(huà)來(lái)讓鹿遠(yuǎn)離鐵軌，但是沒(méi)有成功。故選C項(xiàng)。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. …When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.( RTRI的官員解釋說(shuō)，鹿有一種習(xí)慣，當(dāng)它們感覺(jué)到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，會(huì)不斷地用短而尖銳的聲音來(lái)警告其他鹿。……當(dāng)鹿聽(tīng)到3秒鐘的鹿發(fā)出的聲音和20秒的狗叫聲時(shí)，它們會(huì)驚慌并迅速逃離。)”，因此可以推斷，研究人員在火車(chē)上安裝揚(yáng)聲器，是從鹿的習(xí)性中獲得靈感。故選A項(xiàng)。

【4】主旨大意題。文章第一段是全文的主題段“Researchers in Japan have installed (安裝) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.（日本的研究人員在火車(chē)上安裝揚(yáng)聲器，發(fā)出的聲音像狗一樣吠叫和像鹿一樣發(fā)出的聲音，是為了防止動(dòng)物撞上鐵軌。）”，下文說(shuō)明發(fā)明這種揚(yáng)聲器的原因和它的功效。因此文章是介紹了讓鹿遠(yuǎn)離鐵軌的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。故選D項(xiàng)。