8．Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now，and they did not need to be as careful as they must today．They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed．They took little notice of the health and safety of the people who worked for them．Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them and the conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers．
Of course，sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and showed the need for changes．Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore．At such times，there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems．New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquires； however，the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill．
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers．In the US，for example，there is a department which examines new planes and gives warnings about possible problems．It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow．Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell．A third department looks at the places where people work，and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers．Of course，new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness，but they are having some good results．Our work places are safer and cleaner than before．The planes and cars which we use for travel are better．Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products．
56．What had bad effects on the health of the workers？（No more than 6 words）The conditions in the work place/the working conditions．
57．In what ways do the departments protect customers and workers？（No more than 20 words）By testing new products，controlling foods and drugs and examining work places．
58．Please explain the underlined phrase"took little notice of"in the first paragraph in English．（No more than 5 words）
paid little attention to/ignored
59．What is the passage mainly about？（No more than 15 words）The changes of safety and health of workers and customers．
60．Do you think our working or living place is safer and cleaner than before？Please give one or two examples．（No more than 20 words）Yes，the river around us is cleaner than before； the traffic is safer．．
分析 文中論述了工廠由于只看重生產(chǎn)不重視工人的身體健康，而導(dǎo)致許多人得了疾病，現(xiàn)在不同于過去了，生產(chǎn)廠家既改變了工人的工作環(huán)境又能保證了人們的健康狀況．
解答 56．The conditions in the work place．/The working conditions．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段的最后一行"the conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers"可知，工廠的工作環(huán)境對工人有害．故填The conditions in the work place．/The working conditions．
57．By testing new products，controlling foods and drugs and examining work places．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段第二至五行可知，有關(guān)部門通過檢測新產(chǎn)品，控制銷售的食品藥品，監(jiān)控工作場所，舉報違法行為等來保護消費者和工人．故填By testing new products，controlling foods and drugs and examining work places．
58．paid little attention to/ignored．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段"…They took little notice of the health and safety of the people who worked for them．"k可知，企業(yè)很少關(guān)注工人的健康和安全，劃線部分pay little attention to同義．故填paid little attention to/ignored．
59．The changes of safety and health of workers and customers．細節(jié)理解題．文章對比了工人和消費者健康與安全方面發(fā)生的變化．企業(yè)以前很少關(guān)注工人和消費者的權(quán)益，現(xiàn)在政府的介入使得情況得到了一些改善．故填The changes of safety and health of workers and customers．
60．Yes，the river around us is cleaner than before； the traffic is safer．主觀題，只要言之有理，皆可．Yes，the river around us is cleaner than before； the traffic is safer．
點評 考察學(xué)生的推理判斷能力和聯(lián)系上下文的能力，在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．此類的填空題一定要聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容加上自己的理解，再作出正確的判斷
