Question

【題目】Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.

While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.

The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, USA, has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.

In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.

Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.

The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.

After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological(神經(jīng)的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.

The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.

【1】The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to ________.

A. normal organsB. lungs and heart

C. mental healthD. blood pressure

【2】The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those except ________.

A. high blood pressure problems

B. making human hair thinner

C. different kinds of diseases

D. swelling in much of the body

【3】From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ________.

A. are likely to suffer from mental problems

B. can measure the negative effect on them

C. show little concern for air pollution

D. can be exposed to polluted air longer

【4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution

B. Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution

C. Measurable Effect on Human Brain

D. Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

試題分析：這是一篇科普文章，講述最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓老鼠長期呆在污染的空氣中，除了過去人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的對身體的影響外，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了污染對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響。這會引起居住在污染地區(qū)的城市居民的關(guān)注。

【1】C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety.和第二段內(nèi)容While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.可知，以前的研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)空氣污染對肺、心臟有害，現(xiàn)在首次證實(shí)空氣污染對腦也有害，故答案為C。

【2】B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段和第七段內(nèi)容可知，B項(xiàng)沒提到，故答案為B。

【3】A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems.可知，長時間暴露在污染的空氣中會對大腦有負(fù)面影響，會引起大腦健康問題，故A正確。

【4】D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文理解可知，文章講述最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓老鼠長期待在污染的空氣中，除了過去人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的對身體的影響外，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了空氣污染對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響。這會引起居住在污染地區(qū)的城市居民的關(guān)注，故標(biāo)題用D合適。