Question

【題目】 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881 and his parents were both farmers. He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education. Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.

A position at St. Mary’s Hospital led him to the then-new field of bacteriology(細菌學(xué)). During World War I, Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. At the time, antiseptics(抗菌劑) were commonly used. Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria. Therefore, more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment(治療) than from bacterial harm.

Fleming suggested that, for more effective treatment, wounds simply be kept dry and clean. However, his idea largely got ignored because of the difficult conditions. Returning to St. Mary’s after the war, in 1918, Fleming worked as the assistant director of St. Mary’s.

In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.

Further development of penicillin was not a one-man operation, so Fleming employed two young researchers. Penicillin finally came into use during World War II and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.

【1】What do we know about Fleming?

A.He began to study medicine at the age of 14.

B.He completed his basic education in Scotland.

C.He had excellent performance while in college.

D.He started his career due to his parents’ influence.

【2】What did Fleming find during World War I?

A.The British army suffered from a lack of antiseptics.

B.Few people wanted to study the field of bacteriology.

C.Soldiers had limited knowledge of treating their wounds.

D.Antiseptics did more harm than good to wounded soldiers.

【3】What does Paragraph 4 imply?

A.Fleming discovered penicillin quite by accident.

B.Penicillin was Fleming’s first well-known discovery.

C.Penicillin was later put into use by Fleming’s students.

D.Fleming made a mistake while preparing for an operation.

【4】How does the author organize the text?

A.By providing data.B.By giving examples.

C.By making comparisons.D.By following time order.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹發(fā)現(xiàn)了青霉素，榮獲諾貝爾獎的英國細菌學(xué)家，生物化學(xué)家，微生物學(xué)家Alexander Fleming。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.“弗萊明1901年進入醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，在圣瑪麗醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。在圣瑪麗醫(yī)院時，他在1908年以優(yōu)秀醫(yī)學(xué)生的身份獲得金牌了金牌。”可知，Fleming在大學(xué)時成績優(yōu)異。故選C。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria. Therefore, more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment(治療) than from bacterial harm.“弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們對人體的破壞性影響遠遠大于它們分解有害細菌的能力。因此，死于抗菌劑的士兵比死于細菌傷害的士兵多。”可知，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中Fleming發(fā)現(xiàn)抗菌劑對受傷的士兵弊大于利。故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.“1928年9月，弗萊明離開家一個月后回到實驗室，驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他遺漏的一種細菌被霉菌污染了。這個霉菌周圍的細菌已經(jīng)被消滅了。他意識到他發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上第一個細菌殺手。后來被命名為‘盤尼西林’。”由此判斷出，第四段暗示弗萊明偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了青霉素。故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education. Fleming entered the medical field in 1901, studying at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While at St. Mary’s, he won the 1908 gold medal as top medical student.第二段中During World War I, Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps.第三段中Returning to St. Mary’s after the war, in 1918,第四段中In September 1928,和最后一段中Penicillin finally came into use during World War II and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.由此判斷出，作者是按時間順序組織文章的。故選D。

推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等標志性詞語。本題第3小題，根據(jù)第四段In September 1928, Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family, and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌). The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed. He realized that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer. It was later named “penicillin”.“1928年9月，弗萊明離開家一個月后回到實驗室，驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他遺漏的一種細菌被霉菌污染了。這個霉菌周圍的細菌已經(jīng)被消滅了。他意識到他發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上第一個細菌殺手。后來被命名為‘盤尼西林’。”由此可知，第四段暗示弗萊明偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了青霉素。故選A。