18．It is widely acknowledged that nearly every kid might come across some kind of school bullying，however，the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying （欺侮） could influence how strongly they are affected，suggests a new study．And，surprisingly，it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term．
Bullying can have long-lasting effects，but particularly when it begins in adolescence，the researchers say．People subjected to either verbal （ 口頭的）or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression，anxiety disorders or to behave violently．But not everyone reacts in this way．
Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it，but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping．These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin，US．
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1，500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school．They assessed mood and mental state，judging by signs of anxiety or depression，such as sleeplessness．The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges，such as humiliation．
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress．But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation （煽動(dòng)），people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence．
There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence，with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations．
The best solution in all cases was strong social support，whether from friends，family or school．Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most．
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on，suggests Newman．"They may get stressed，but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on．"
28．What determines the degree of bullying's effect on people according to the study？C
A．The reason why they are bullied．
B．The place where they are first bullied．
C．The age at which they are first bullied．
D．The person who first bullies them．
29．What may happen to those first bullied later on in adolescence according to Newman and his colleagues？A
A．Some are likely to be more aggressive．
B．They seem to easily get over the effect of bullying．
C．Most of them will respond to bullying normally．
D．Most of them are afraid of sharing their problems．
30．What does the underlined word"humiliation"in Paragraph 4 mean？B
A．Carrying out an important plan．B．Being made to feel ashamed．
C．Trying hard to survive an accident．D．Feeling hopeless in an emergency．
31．The sex differences between people bullied for the first time during adolescence are reflected in．C
A．the support they get from the society
B．the effect bullying has on them
C．the way they react to provocation
D．the type of bullying they receive．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了孩子第一次受欺負(fù)的年齡對他們有著極其重大的影響，它決定了欺負(fù)對他們的影響程度，并且男女在面對羞辱會有不同的反應(yīng)，因此最好不要在早期就庇護(hù)孩子，而是要給他們強(qiáng)有力的社會支持．
解答 28．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第一段"the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying （欺侮） could influence how strongly they are affected，suggests a new study"一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，孩子第一次受欺負(fù)的年齡對他們有著極其重大的影響，可推測孩子第一次被欺負(fù)的年齡決定了欺負(fù)對人的影響程度；故選C．
29．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段"but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping．"可知那些在青春期后第一次被欺負(fù)的人有些可能會變得更加積極；故選A．
30．B．詞義推斷題．根據(jù)文章第四段"The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1，500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school"球隊(duì)給了問卷調(diào)查，近1500的大學(xué)生反應(yīng)他們的經(jīng)歷生理和心理的欺凌--高中前青春期前和青春期后期和高中，可知該句句意為團(tuán)隊(duì)也會詢問他們在收到挑戰(zhàn)比如說羞辱時(shí)的反應(yīng)，因此humiliation意為羞恥，恥辱；故選B．
31．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第六段"with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations"被欺負(fù)的第一次在青春期之間的人，女性更可能作出積極的反應(yīng)時(shí)，而男性更可能會轉(zhuǎn)向酒精，以逃避惡劣的情況；因此差別在于他們面對挑釁的方式；故選C，
點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
