Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(組織支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
【小題1】This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.

A．this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B．the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C．it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D．the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
【小題2】Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A．they are grown in the lab only
B．they can grow into different types of cell
C．they are designed for a specific purpose
D．they can work in the liver not in the heart
【小題3】What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．How Claudia survived in the operation
B．How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C．Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D．How the windpipe is transplanted
【小題4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B．The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C．The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D．Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
【小題5】Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
A．controversialB．confident
C．conservative (保守的)D．critical


【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】D
【小題5】B

解析試題分析：本文敘述的是干細(xì)胞移植的問題，在文章中作者舉例說(shuō)明干細(xì)胞移植的好處，在最后也提出了干細(xì)胞移植會(huì)遇見的困難。
【小題1】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段1,2行Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology.說(shuō)明這是第一次成功的使用干細(xì)胞技術(shù)的移植。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【小題1】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后2行But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.說(shuō)明這種細(xì)胞和別的細(xì)胞不一樣，是因?yàn)樗荛L(zhǎng)成不同種類的細(xì)胞，故B正確。
【小題1】D 段落大意題。本段是舉例說(shuō)明干細(xì)胞移植的一次成功的經(jīng)歷，通過(guò)這次經(jīng)歷的描述告訴我們the windpipe是怎么樣被移植的。故D項(xiàng)正確。
【小題1】D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第4段前4行Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ.說(shuō)明Ms Castillo不需要再服用藥物，故D正確。
【小題1】B 態(tài)度意圖題。從作者對(duì)干細(xì)胞移植的好處的描述可以看出他還是比較樂觀的，雖然干細(xì)胞移植有點(diǎn)困難，但是不會(huì)阻止它的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。故B項(xiàng)正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：科普類短文最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時(shí)候有足夠的耐心。要養(yǎng)成在上下文串聯(lián)中猜測(cè)詞義的能力，根據(jù)上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來(lái)理解生詞。同時(shí)要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據(jù)題目及選項(xiàng)以及文章的上下文串聯(lián)合理的判斷推理

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：寧夏銀川一中2010屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試 題型：閱讀理解


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A
Ammie Reddick from East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, was only 18 months old when she had the accident that has scarred her for life. While her mother was away for a moment, the inquisitive baby reached up to a hot kettle in the family kitchen and poured boiling water all over her tiny body.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011屆安徽省合肥八中高三上學(xué)期第一輪復(fù)習(xí)聯(lián)考（四）英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

The tragic death of celebrity Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery, which is becoming increasingly popular．
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【小題1】Most people are       toward the death of Wang Bei according to the survey.

A．sympatheticB．indifferentC．enragedD．not mentioned
【小題2】Why is there such a trend of having medical cosmetic surgery according to Ding Xiaobang?
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B．The standard the beauty always changes.
C．People suffer fierce competition and frustration now and then.
D．All of the above.
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A．a(chǎn) person with single eyelid, an aquiline nose and a pointed chin
B．a(chǎn) person with double eyelids, an aquiline nose and a pointed chin
C．a(chǎn) person with double eyelids, a snub nose and a pointed chin
D．a(chǎn) person with double eyelids, a snub nose and a chubby chin
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A．inform us that cosmetic surgery becomes popular.
B．emphasize that young people should re-evaluate themselves rationally.
C．raise concerns about the risk of medical cosmetology industry.
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（Reuters）--- A Michigan man credited his dog with saving his life by chewing off his diseased big toe as he lay passed out in a drunken stupor(昏迷)
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【小題1】What does the underlined phrase “gnawed off” probably mean?

A．bit awayB．cared forC．sucked onD．smelt out
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C．The couple shouldn’t have to pay the co-pay because Kiko did half the job.
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For medical students, real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital. These doctors in training are guided. But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured.

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Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, did the study, which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States.

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Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported, but other possible infections often are not. Martin Makary, the lead author of the study, says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases.

Doctor Makary said, "A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible.” Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches (縫線) in some cases to close the skin after an operation.

Doctor Makary said, “I support using blunt tip needles which are considered safer. This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue, but it does have a blunt tip, so that if it accidentally goes into my finger, it's much less likely to hurt me."

How common are needle sticks among health care workers? An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 of these and similar injuries are reported each year in the United States. But Doctor Makary says the real number may be much higher.

The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves. It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured. The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident.

1.It is dangerous for medical students not to report needle stick injuries because _________.

A. they don’t know how to treat themselves.

B. they may meet more needle sticks

C. it may cause some diseases

D. it may make patients sad.

2.If they report needle stick injuries, medical students will __________.

A. receive treatment                 B. be forbidden to use sharp needles

C. spend more time on training         D. receive tests

3.The underlined word “blunt” in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to “__________”.

A. not sharp          B. not safe          C. not long         D. not thick

4.What do we know from the passage?

A. Doctors who don’t report needle stick injuries will be punished.

B. Needle sticks among health care workers will reduce sharply in the future.

C. Most needle stick injuries happen in the United States.

D. Two suggestions are given to protect medical workers and students.

5.Where can this passage most probably be found?

A. In an entertainment magazine               B. In a science magazine 

C. In a storybook                           D. In science fiction

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市高考模擬英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

There is a saying in French—“Si vieillesse pouvait, si jeunesse savait”—which means roughly “if age had the ability, if youth had the knowledge.” I was reminded of this saying the other day when I saw an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon(神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生), now retired, about the impact of computer technology on modern surgery.

He was referring to the difficulty people of his age had in using the new techniques, but also to the fact that younger surgeons, who are more comfortable with the technology, lack some of the wisdom of experience.

It struck me that this problem is not just confined(局限于) to specialized fields such as medicine, but is widespread in modern life. There are many areas where the rapid growth of technology has widened the generation gap.

Young people are at ease with modern technology and propose all sorts of ways for using and developing it. But they often lack the experience needed to see further into the future to the possible dangers that a particular development may cause.

Older people see all sorts of difficulties and dangers, but are sometimes ignored, or even accused of being against progress, if they point out potential problems. Equally, they may see potential uses, but not have the technical skills to put them into practice themselves or the trust in the younger generation to do so.

Enthusiasm and inexperience come into conflict with caution and arrogance, usually with unsatisfactory results for both sides.

What is needed is the development of a partnership, based on mutual respect, which can deliver real progress by combining enthusiasm and caution in a constructive way, rather than in conflict with each other. The old need to give the younger generation the time, the resources and, above all, the authority to develop new ideas and use their skills. In exchange, the young need to turn more actively to the older generation to seek their advice and exploit their greater experience of the world in foreseeing and overcoming potential problems.

1.The passage is mainly about ________.

A．the impact of computer technology on modern surgery

B．a(chǎn)n interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon

C．new generation gap between the old and the young

D．a(chǎn) conflict between knowledge and experience

2.The French saying in the first paragraph is used to ________.

A．introduce the topic

B．show the difference between French and English

C．make readers confused

D．prove the writer’s wisdom

3.What did the retired neurosurgeon probably mention in his interview?

A．Old people’s enthusiasm in obtaining new technology.

B．Old people’s difficulty in using computers.

C．Young surgeons’ bad manners in working.

D．Young surgeons’ difficulty in getting experience.

4.In the writer’s view, what advantage do the older generation have?

A．They are happy with modern technology.

B．They are easy to learn new techniques.

C．They can foresee the future of the young generation.

D．They are rich in work experience.

5.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?

A．The young and the old should respect and learn from each other.

B．The young should teach the old modern technology.

C．The old should maintain their authority in every field.

D．The young and the old should work independently.

 

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