2．Global Positioning Systems（全球定位系統(tǒng)） are now a part of everyday driving in many countries．These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go．However，they can also cause a lot of problems，send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost．Many times，the driver is to blame．Sometimes a GPS error is responsible．Most often，says Barry Brown，it is a combination of the two．
Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm，Sweden．He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States．There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay．Mr．Brown says，"They just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination．And，then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived．They actually put their home address in．So again，the GPS is kind of'garbage in garbage out'．"
Mr．Brown says this is a common human error，but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings，or failures，of GPS equipment．He says，"One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn．Because they just give you the next turn，sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place．"
Mr．Brown says，"One of the things that struck us，perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS．There are these new skills that people have developed．There are these new competencies（資格） that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong．This goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills．"
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers，passengers and GPS systems work together．

41．According to Barry Brow，in most cases，C are blame for the problems．
A．human errors
B．GPS errors
C．errors caused by both drivers and GPS
D．errors caused by putting in a wrong address
42．The example of Barry Brown's friend is used to show thatD．
A．GPS is nothing but garbage
B．GPS is still not accurate enough
C．it is difficult for drivers to use GPS equipment．
D．sometimes drivers are responsible for the problem
43．It can be inferred from the second paragraph thatC．
A．It's impossible to drive from the east to the west in the US．
B．Barry Brown's friend went to Stockholm，Sweden by plane．
C．Given wrong instructions，the GPS will produce wrong results．
D．GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills．
44．Which of the followings is one of the shortcomings of GPS equipment？A
A．It tells the driver to turn once at a time．
B．It gives the driver the overview．
C．Its screen is too small to be seen clearly．
D．It is only suitable for passive drivers．
45．What's the main idea of the text？B
A．GPS systems need to be improved．
B．Driving with GPS can be difficult to navigate．
C．Drivers should understand how GPS systems work．
D．Drivers should learn to use GPS systems correctly．

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀，作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們講述了GPS可以給司機(jī)帶來(lái)便利，也會(huì)誤導(dǎo)司機(jī)，警告讀者一定要謹(jǐn)慎使用．

解答 41．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段"Most often，says Barry Brown，it is a combination of the two"可知Barry Brow認(rèn)為，在大多數(shù)情況下是由司機(jī)和GPS兩者引起的錯(cuò)誤；故選C．
42．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第二段"then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived"可知Barry Brown的朋友的例子是用來(lái)證明有時(shí)是司機(jī)引起的錯(cuò)誤；故選D．
43．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句"They actually puy their home address in．So again，the GPS is kind of‘garbage in garbage out'．"和對(duì)全段的整體理解可知，答案C"給錯(cuò)誤的指令，導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果"符合文意；故選C．
44．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段第二句"He says，‘One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn．'"可知它告訴司機(jī)一次轉(zhuǎn)一次，故選A．
45．B．主旨大意題：從第一段的：But，they can also cause a lot of problems，send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost．可知文章講的是GPS帶來(lái)的困難．故選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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