Many women write to me perplexed(困惑的) about why they can't form close friendships.They try new approaches，put themselves in all the right places，see therapists，and read relevant selfhelp books.They consider themselves interesting，loyal，kind，and friendworthy people.But for reasons unknown to them，they have a tough time forming intimate relationships.Many admit to not having even one close friend.
A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology offers some clues as to how both nature(personality) and nurture (experience) impact our friendships.Researchers at the University of Virginia and University of Toronto，Mississauga studied more than 7,000 American adults between the ages of 20 and 75 over a period of ten years，looking at the number of times these adults moved during childhood.Their study，like prior ones，showed a link between residential mobility and adult wellbeing：The more times participants moved as children，the poorer the quality of their adult social relationships.
But digging deeper，the researchers found that personality—specifically being introverted (內(nèi)向的) or extroverted (外向的)—could either intensify or buffer (緩沖) the effect of moving to a new town or neighborhood during childhood.The negative impact of more moves during childhood was far greater for introverts compared to extroverts.
“Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to maintain longterm close relationships，” stated Dr.Shigehiro Oishi，the first author of the study，in a press release from the American Psychological Association，“This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.Less outgoing people have a harder time making new friends.”
Families often have to relocate—across town，across the country，or across the globe.Yet，in many cases，their kids and young adolescents haven't yet built up a bank of friendships.So the conventional wisdom is to try to minimize moves for the sake of your child，whenever possible，and to move at the end of the academic year.
【小題1】The passage is written mainly to ________.
| A．offer advice to women on how to form intimate relationships |
| B．explain how nature and nurture impact our friendships |
| C．explain how moves during childhood affect children |
| D．tell us how to help children make friends |
| A．People who moved less during childhood have better social relationships. |
| B．The more people moved during childhood，the more friends they have. |
| C．The more people moved during childhood，the better they adjust to society. |
| D．There is no link between residential mobility and adult wellbeing. |
| A．should not relocate their homes |
| B．should relocate their homes within the town |
| C．had better move at the end of the school year |
| D．had better move when their children couldn't build up a bank of friendships |
| A．have a bigger impact on an introverted person compared to extroverts |
| B．have no impact on an outgoing person |
| C．a(chǎn)re a big problem for both introverts and extroverts |
| D．help children better adapt to a new environment |
| A．our friendships are mainly affected by our nurture |
| B．we can move when children have made a lot of friends |
| C．the impact of moves will disappear when one reaches adulthood |
| D．there is some way to minimize the impact of moves during childhood on children |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
【小題5】D
解析 本文主要說明了人們的性格以及后天的經(jīng)歷對人們交友的影響。
【小題1】解析 主旨大意題。從第二段第一句可知，這個研究主要表明性格以及后天的經(jīng)歷對人們交友的影響。C項是童年時代搬家如何對人們交友產(chǎn)生影響，僅僅是后天的經(jīng)歷，概括不全面，故可排除。答案 B
【小題2】解析 細節(jié)理解題。從第二段最后一句可知，人們童年時搬家次數(shù)越多，成年后的社會關(guān)系就越糟，反推可知A項正確。答案 A
【小題3】解析 細節(jié)理解題。從最后兩段可知，為了孩子與伙伴能維持長期的親密友誼，父母最好在學(xué)期末搬家。答案 C
【小題4】解析 細節(jié)理解題。從第四段可知，搬家對性格外向的人的影響要小于對性格內(nèi)向的人的影響。答案 A
【小題5】解析 推理判斷題。從最后一段最后一句可知，有辦法減少搬家對孩子造成的負面影響。答案 D
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Someday a stranger will read your email without your permission or scan the website you have visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it is likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without permission? It might be a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen-----the 21st century is the equal of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy and that it is important to reveal yourself to friends, families and lovers at appropriate time and places. But now few boundaries remain. The information you leave everywhere makes it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. Believe it or not, we live in a world where you simply can’t keep a secret. The key question is: does that matter?
When you ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收費站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few refuse to offer personal information like Social Security numbers to get supermarket loyalty cards.
But privacy (隱私) does matter—at least sometimes. It is like health: when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it is gone do you wish you had done more to protect it.
【小題1】What does the underlined sentence in Para 2 mean?
| A．People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowing it. |
| B．In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets. |
| C．People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. |
| D．Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. |
| A．Friends should open their hearts to each other. |
| B．Friends should always be faithful to each other. |
| C．There should be a distance even between friends. |
| D．The closer they are, the deeper their friendship is. |
| A．Americans talk a lot but do little about privacy protection |
| B．Americans use various loyalty cards for business. |
| C．Americans rely more and more on electronic devices. |
| D．Americans change behaviors that might disclose their identity. |
| A．Privacy and Health | B．Privacy Is Getting Lost. |
| C．Boundary and Friendship | D．Cherish What You Have |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you’ve visited，Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen --- the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times.But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no.”
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收費站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (優(yōu)惠卷).
But privacy does matter - at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
【小題1】What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked” (Para. 2)?
| A．People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. |
| B．In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets. |
| C．People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. |
| D．Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. |
| A．Friends should open their hearts to each other. |
| B．There should be a distance even between friends. |
| C．Friends should always be faithful to each other. |
| D．There should be fewer disputes between friends. |
| A．People leave traces around when using modern technology. |
| B．Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. |
| C．There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs. |
| D．Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities. |
| A．They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. |
| B．They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. |
| C．They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. |
| D．They rely most and more on electronic devices. |
| A．people will make every effort to keep it |
| B．its importance is rarely understood |
| C．it is something that can easily be lost |
| D．people don’t cherish it until they lose it |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Being able to call on the old boy's network helps you get your foot in the door，but has little impact on your later success.Having good connections does change your possibility of being offered a higher wage when you start working，but has no impact on your eventual wage.Coming from a wealthy background has little impact on lifetime earnings.Over time，brain power soon overtakes(超過)，and intelligence is the factor，which will determine your earnings and success.The speed of your rise through the ranks is determined largely by your own intelligence.
The study monitored earnings and promotions over the course of 25 years.Scores were used to assess the SocioEconomic Background(SEB)－wealth and connections－and standard Army intelligence tests used to assess intelligence.The study is sure to infuriate(激怒)those angered by wealthy groups such as Oxford's upper－crust(上流社會)Bullingdon Club，of which both David Cameron and Borris Johnson were members.
Professor Yoav Ganzach says that these findings have a positive message for those，who can't rely on nepotism(裙帶關(guān)系)for their first job.“Your family can help you start your career and you do get an advantage，but it doesn't help you progress.And once you start working，you can go wherever your abilities take you，” he says.When intelligence and SEB are pitted directly against once another(相互較量)，intelligence is a more accurate predictor of future career success，he say.
【小題1】How many factors which may influence one's career are mentioned in the passage?
| A．1. | B．2. |
| C．3. | D．4. |
| A．People who are lack of money. |
| B．People who can't depend on nepotism. |
| C．People with high intelligence. |
| D．People with wide connections. |
| A．Earnings and promotions are up to your own. |
| B．A study conducted by Professor Yoav Ganzach. |
| C．SEB is very important in one's first career. |
| D．Success is determined by your own brain power. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
People think what I do is so wonderful because I interview stars. And I have to admit that when I first started working at Sassy in 1987 I was excited about that part of my job for the first couple of months，anyway. Then I noticed how stars would fool me around for months. I could never get enough time with a star to find out anything interesting, and some acted just simply rudely. I started hating the way I was treated, and I was really disappointed to see that these people I had worshipped (崇拜）before were pretty ordinary. So I decided I would just tell the truth instead of keeping up their myths(神秘）.If the star was a bad guy, I would say so. If I thought anyone was stupid, I did not hold back that information.
I thought readers would appreciate that kind of honesty. Surprisingly, many of them hated me for it. I have gotten so many attacks on my character. In their eyes，being famous is everything, even more desirable than being truly creative and talented
Why do we need stars? In fact, the media created stars to satisfy our basic need for gossip (閑話）.Over time, talking about people we have never met and we are never likely to meet has become what we are crazy about. Thus, some people are more interested in the personal lives of the stars than in the lives of their own family and their own friends. That is why it is so ridiculous when a star wants to discuss only his or her work in an interview -as we care. We want the dirt on their personal lives.
There is another reason we worship stars. As a whole, our society is not as religious as it once was. It seems that people need something to fulfill them the way religion once did. Star worship exists as an unfulfilling desire for true heroes.
We make them stars, but then their reputation makes us feel unimportant, and we truly feel better about ourselves when they die. I am part of this whole process. No wonder I feel soiled at the end of workday.
【小題1】What are the stars like according to the author?
| A． They always treat others rudely. |
| B． They always talk about something dull. |
| C． They are acutually ordinary people. |
| D． They are usually honest and polite, |
| A． To show the disadvantages of working with stars. |
| B． To remind us not to worship famous stars blindly. |
| C． To laugh at the failures of stars he has interviewed. |
| D． To talk about the reasons why we worship stars. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
【小題1】What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?
| A．Soccer and golf. | B．Skiing and skating. |
| C．Cycling and hockey. | D．Mountaineering. |
| A．strong emotion | B．good way |
| C．better feeling | D．enough affection |
| A．it has man-made rules |
| B．it is too dangerous for climbers |
| C．it can’t bring people joy or leisure |
| D．it is free for climbers to use their own methods |
| A．mountaineering has no appeal for people |
| B．physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers |
| C．a(chǎn) mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty |
| D．it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps |
| A．Sports in winter | B．Team work in climbing |
| C．Mountaineering | D．The quality for mountaineering |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette（禮儀）is sort of strange,” Gray told the BBC. “They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally（對角線地）across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts?
“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed（理解）as threatening or strange. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.
【小題1】The main purpose of the article is to _______.
A. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride
B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette
C. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator
B. remind us not to behave strangely when in an elevator
【小題2】According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _______.
| A．turn around and greet one another |
| B．look around or examine their phone |
| C．try to keep a distance from other people |
| D．make eye contact with those in the elevator |
| A．judge | B．ignore | C．put up with | D．make the best of |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year. Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same; they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year.
Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days. Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings. Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, however celebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year.
It is the money given to kids from their parents and grandparents as New Year gift. The money is believed to bring good luck, ward off monsters; hence the name "lucky money". Parents and grandparents first put money in small, especially-made red envelopes and give the red envelopes to their kids after the New Year's Feast or when they come to visit them on the New Year. They choose to put the money in red envelopes because Chinese people think red is a lucky color. They want to give their children both lucky money and lucky color.
【小題1】What can we learn from the Paragragh 1？
| A．Chinese New Year Celebration is one of the most important celebrations in China |
| B．Chinese New Year Celebration can bring luck to them during the next year |
| C．Some different celebrations still exist |
| D．Kids can get their lucky money during the Chinese New Year Celebration |
| A．Wal-Mart Stores | B．Your uncle’s family |
| C．Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden | D．High school |
| A．Set off fireworks | B．Come over relatives |
| C．Receive presents | D．Get lucky money |
| A．A travel brochure | B．A newspaper |
| C．A tradition guide | D．A textbook |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In America, Virginia Beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort: brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides are sure to appeal to kids. Many believe Virginia Beach is at its best in the off-season, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.
Meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.
The number l safety tip concerns ocean safety: pay attention to Flag conditions posted on the lifeguard stands. Lifeguards post a red flag to warn when the ocean water is dangerous. Take them seriously! Tourists from land-locked regions are particularly easily attracted by the magic of the waves. However, a calm ocean can become risky without warning. Make sure you swim near a lifeguard. Swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.
Never swim alone. Many drownings involve single swimmers. When you swim with someone else, if one of you has a problem, the other may be able to get help, including signaling for assistance from others.
Don't fight the current. The facts show that some 80% of rescues by lifeguards at ocean beaches are caused by currents. These currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back. This can create concentrated rivers of water moving offshore. If you are caught in a rip current, don't fight it by trying to swim directly to shore. Instead, swim parallel to shore until you feel the current relax, then swim to shore. Most rip currents are narrow and a short swim parallel to shore will help bring you to safety.
【小題1】When coming to Virginia Beach, children can enjoy the happiness of .
| A．walking on the road made of wood | B．joining the nightspots |
| C．having interesting rides | D．skiing in the sea |
| A．a(chǎn)fter autumn school term beginning | B．in the slimmer vacation |
| C．during the Christmas holiday | D．in the cold winter |
| A．with a friend | B．within the sight of the lifeguard |
| C．with the current | D．a(chǎn)s far as you like |
| A．one in five persons swimming in the sea is drowned |
| B．if one with lifeguard were drowning, five persons without lifeguard would be |
| C．some 80% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards |
| D．some 20% drowning by the currents are rescued by life guards |
| A．some safety tips when swimming in the sea |
| B．the happiness and excitement the beach offers |
| C．Virginia Beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort |
| D．the dangers for tourists from land-locked regions to swim in the sea |
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