Question

【題目】閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments - mostly for entertainment purposes is fair and respectful?

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.

Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range (分布區(qū)). The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.

The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis(動物精神病). A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.

Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?

Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons why people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.

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Answer 1

【答案】It is unfair to keep animals in zoos because most zoos only collect interesting animals but don't protect them. Firstly, visitors, when leaving zoos, haven't increased their knowledge of animals and animal protection. Secondly, kept in small crowded spaces, animals even abnormally hurt themselves. And thirdly, most animals kept in zoos are not those dying out. So we should support groups protecting animals' natural habitats instead of supporting zoos.

【解析】

這是一篇概要寫作。

寫作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要說明了把動物關(guān)在動物園里是不公平的，因為大多數(shù)動物園只收集有趣的動物而不保護(hù)它們。首先，游客離開動物園時，并沒有增加他們的動物知識和動物保護(hù)。其次，在狹小擁擠的空間里，動物甚至?xí)�不正常地傷害自己。第三，大多�?shù)被關(guān)在動物園里的動物并不是那些瀕臨滅絕的動物。所以我們應(yīng)該支持保護(hù)動物的自然棲息地，而不是支持動物園。

2）弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：

（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。

（3）注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。

（5）計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。