4．Established （establish） in 1990，the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language．

分析 成立于1990年，HSK考試最初是為那些將漢語作為外語或第二語言的學習者準備的．

解答 答案：Established
此處在句中作時間狀語，由于動詞establish與其邏輯主語the HSK test 構成被動關系，表示的是已經完成的動作；所以這里應使用過去分詞形式，故用Established

點評 做本題時，需要了解過去分詞作狀語及其表示被動與完成的用法．

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