【題目】Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the message that all men 【1】 (create) equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil w ar, 【2】 (test) w hether that nation can long endure (忍耐). We are met on a great battle-field of that w ar. We have come to dedicate a portion (一部分) of that field, as a final resting p lace for those who here gave their 【3】 (life) so that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. 【4】 in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate this ground. The brave men, liv ing and 【5】 (die), who struggled here, have dedicated (奉獻(xiàn)) it. The w orld will hard ly note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, 【6】 living, to be dedicated here to the 【7】 (finish) work which those who fought here have so far advanced. It is rather for us 【8】 (devote) here to the great task remain ing before us -- that from these honored dead we should take increased devotion to that cause (事業(yè)), 【9】 which they were fully devoted -- that we are firmly 【10】 (determine) that those dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

【答案】

【1】 are created

【2】 testing

【3】 lives

【4】 But

【5】 dead

【6】 the

【7】 unfinished

【8】 be devoted

【9】 to

【10】 determined

【解析】

本文是已故美國總統(tǒng)林肯的演講。林肯的演講紀(jì)念那些為新國家的誕生獻(xiàn)出生命的人們，同時(shí)號召活著的人們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的事業(yè)。

【1】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：八十七年前，我們的先輩們在這個(gè)大陸上誕生了一個(gè)新的國家，它孕育于自由之中，并致力于傳遞所有人人生而平等的信息。在定語從句the message that all men ___1___ (create) equal.中all men和create之間是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意此空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故答案為are created。

【2】考查現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。句意：現(xiàn)在我們正在進(jìn)行一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，考驗(yàn)這個(gè)國家能否長久存在下去。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，故答案為testing。

【3】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：我們來到這里，奉獻(xiàn)了這一領(lǐng)域的一部分，作為那些為了讓這個(gè)國家得以生存在這里獻(xiàn)出生命的人的最后的安息之地。此處life（生命），根據(jù)前面的their，可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為lives。

【4】考查并列連詞。句意：我們應(yīng)該這樣做是完全合適和恰當(dāng)?shù)�。但在更大的意義上，我們不能奉獻(xiàn)這塊土地。前后是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案為But。

【5】考查形容詞。句意：那些在這里掙扎的勇士們，活著的或死去的，已經(jīng)把自己奉獻(xiàn)給了它。此處用形容詞dead與living（活著的）對應(yīng)。故答案為dead。

【6】考查定冠詞。句意：對我們來說，那些在這里戰(zhàn)斗的人們，獻(xiàn)身于尚未完成的工作，到目前為止已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步。the living活著的人們，故答案為the。

【7】考查過去分詞。句意：對我們來說，那些在這里戰(zhàn)斗的人們，獻(xiàn)身于尚未完成的工作，到目前為止已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步。此處是過去分詞做前置定語，故答案為unfinished。

【8】考查動詞不定式。句意：倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻(xiàn)于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——我們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的精神。be devoted to致力于---，故答案為to be devoted。

【9】考查介詞。句意：倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻(xiàn)于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——我們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的事業(yè)。此處是介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，根據(jù)be devoted to，可知答案為to。

【10】考查固定搭配。句意：我們堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為，那些死去的人不會白白死去。be determined that---，下決心---，故答案為determined。

the+adj.的語法特點(diǎn)

1. 復(fù)數(shù)性

“the+形容詞”表示一類具有某種特征或特性的人時(shí),通常表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,若用作主語,謂語要用復(fù)數(shù).如：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富,貧者愈貧。

2. 單數(shù)性

“the+形容詞”若表示抽象概念,則表示單數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí),謂語要用單數(shù).如：He doesn’t know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。

3. 單復(fù)性

有個(gè)別的“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)既表示單數(shù)意義,也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,若用作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)需視情況而定.如：the good 指“好人”時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)意義,指“善”時(shí)表單數(shù)意義；the accused 指一名被告時(shí)表單數(shù)意義,指多名被告時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)意義.比較：

The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告無罪.(指一人)

The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告無罪.(指多人)

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