Question

【題目】Directions : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. 【1】 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

【2】 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 【3】 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

【4】 The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:

Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A. However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B. But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C. Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D. The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F. Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】F

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。全世界每年有170萬5歲以下兒童死于環(huán)境污染。然而，在所有的環(huán)境污染物中，空氣污染被稱為最危險的。減少空氣污染最重要的方法之一是生產(chǎn)更清潔的燃料用于烹飪和取暖。同時文章提供了一些個人可以避免家庭暴露在空氣污染中的建議。

【1】根據(jù)下文This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.（這意味著提供安全用水和衛(wèi)生設(shè)施，限制接觸危險化學(xué)品，改善廢物管理。）可知列舉的都是改善環(huán)境的舉措，可知減少環(huán)境風(fēng)險可以防止此類死亡。故選D。

【2】根據(jù)下文The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year.（據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織估計，空氣污染約占全球空氣污染的六分之一。每年有500萬人過早死亡。）中的air pollution可對應(yīng)到A選項中air pollution，表示“然而，在所有的環(huán)境污染物中，空氣污染被稱為最危險的。”代入符合語境。故選A。

【3】根據(jù)下文And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.（減少空氣污染最重要的方法之一是生產(chǎn)更清潔的燃料用于烹飪和取暖。）可推知這么做的原因是每個人都需要呼吸。其中F選項中she對應(yīng)上文Maria Neira。故選F。

【4】根據(jù)下文The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions（美國環(huán)境保護(hù)局有以下建議:）為個人限制家庭接觸空氣污染的舉措。可知選B。