Question

Why do we laugh and get amusement from so many different things，from puns (雙關(guān)語) to pratfalls? Why are some things funny to some people and not to others? How is that while a successful joke can cause pleasure，a sick one can cause serious harm?

Over the centuries，various scholars have attempted to produce a universally agreed-upon theory of humor．Plato and Aristotle introduced the superiority(優(yōu)越感) theory，the idea that people laugh at the misfortune of others．Their theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesn’t work well for knock-knock jokes．Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．

The majority of humor expels today agree with the incongruity theory，the idea that humor arises when there’s a gap between what people expect to happen and what actually happens．Incongruity has a lot going for it — jokes with unexpected funny lines，for example，fit well．But scientists have found that in comedy，unexpectedness is overvalued．

With the goal of developing a new，more satisfactory explanation，I produced “the gentle violation(違背)theory”，the idea that humor arises when something seems wrong or threatening，but is actually OK or safe．A dirty joke，for example，trades on moral or social violations，but it’s only going to get a laugh if the person listening is open enough to consider the subject OK to talk about．Similarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense．

And while most humor theories have struggled to account for tickling (撓癢癢)，or just avoided the phenomenon altogether，my theory accounts for even this kind of laughter．Tickling involves violating someone’s physical space in a gentle way．People can’t tickle themselves — because it isn’t a violation．

1.What is the author’s attitude towards Plato and Aristotle’s theory?

A．Critical．B．ApprovingC．uncaringD．Unclear

2.According to Sigmund Freud’s theory，we can infer that __________ .

A．people will laugh when they see others suffer

B．telling dirty jokes is a relief of one’s nervous feelings ’

C．unexpectedness can explain how humor works

D．tickling doesn’t involve psychological tension

3.According to the author，why are some things funny to some people but not to others?

A．Because the sense of humor varies greatly from person to person．

B．Because people have different expectations for the same thing．

C．Because some people lack the sense of safety deep in their heart．

D．Because people’s understanding of violation is different．

4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?

A．To draw people’s attention to the research of humor．

B．To criticize people’s misconceptions about humor．

C．To explain what exactly causes people to laugh．

D．To prove the sense of humor can be developed．

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

【解析】

試題分析: 一個(gè)笑話會(huì)讓有的人捧腹大笑，而有的人卻沒有反應(yīng)，甚至?xí)�心生惱怒，為什么人們的反�?yīng)會(huì)有所不同呢？作者認(rèn)為這是由于人們的文化程度不同，理解程度不同，以及人們內(nèi)心接受的程度不同決定的。在本文中作者對此現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分析，提出了幾種不同的理論。

1.Their theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesn’t work well for knock-knock jokes．…..．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．可知作者對Plato and Aristotle的理論是持批判態(tài)度的，答案選A。

2.Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．可知根據(jù)他的理論可知下流的笑話反應(yīng)了人內(nèi)心的恐懼和渴望，故答案選B。

3.A dirty joke，for example，…..Similarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense可以判斷人們對笑話的不同反應(yīng)是由人們的思想開放程度和文學(xué)素養(yǎng)決定的，換句話說也就是由一個(gè)人不同的理解認(rèn)識(shí)程度決定的，故答案選D。

4.

考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)知識(shí)類短文閱讀。