12.Up to 90%of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia-short-sightedness,a study suggests.Researchers say the"extraordinary rise''in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.
Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的)beyond 2m.It is often caused by an elongation(拉抻)of the eyeball that happens when people are young.According to the research,the problem is being caused by a combination of factors--a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.
Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework.This in itself puts pressure on the eyes,but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.
Cultural factors also seem to play a part.Across many parts of South East Asia children often have a lunchtime nap.According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.
A big concern is the number of the students suffering from‘‘high"myopia.One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障礙)and even blindness.These people are at considerable risk-sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses-they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to all ophthalmologist and get some help.
For decades,researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition.But this study strongly suggests all alternative view.‘‘Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn't fit with that speed of change;gene pools just don't change in two generations.Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome(基因組),it really doesn't matter.The thing that's changed is not the gene pool-it's the environment."
29.As is mentioned above,which factor mainly results in students'myopia in South East Asia?C
A.Genetic faults of the people.
B.Visual impairment and blindness.
C.The shortage of outdoor light.
D.Lack of research into the problem.
30.Which of the following statements do you think agrees with Professor Morgan?D
A.A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.
B.Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.
C.It's necessary to treat myopia with an operation.
D.It's of vital importance to reduce educational pressure.
31.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?B
A.Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem.
B.The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia.
C.Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools.
D.An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts.
32.What's the best way to take care of your eyes according to the passage?D
A.Equip the classroom with better lights.
B.Look at the Sun from time to time.
C.Do eyes exercise regularly.
D.Spend more time in the open air.
分析 本文講述的是如何保護好我們的眼睛,不要受到近視的影響,分析了原因,并提出了解決的方法--多到戶外去運動.
解答 29---32 CDBD
29.答案C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Researchers say the"extraordinary rise"in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light,說明C項才是主要原因.
30.答案D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段前三行Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework.This in itself puts pressure on the eyes,說明D正確.
31.答案B.段落大意題.根據(jù)本段的主題句最后一句Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome,it really doesn't matter,the thing that's changed is not the gene pool---it's the environment."說明環(huán)境才是最主要的原因.故B正確.
32.答案D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二段的最后一句According to the research,the problem is being caused by a combination of factors-a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light和第三段的最后一句exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes,說明多花時間在戶外對這種病癥是有很大的作用的.故D正確.
點評 科教類閱讀文應對策略:
1、要想做好科普英語閱讀理解題,同學們就要注意平時多讀科普知識類文章,學習科普知識,積累常見的科普詞匯,從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力.
2、要熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點.科普類文章一般由標題(Head line),導語(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(End)五部分構(gòu)成.標題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來看,這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標題,而要同學們選擇標題.導語一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一個事實的起因.主體則對導語概括的事實進行詳細敘述,這一部分命題往往最多,因此,閱讀時,同學們要把這部分作為重點.結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并與導語相呼應,命題者常在此要設計一道推理判斷題.
3、在進行推理判斷時,同學們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學事實為依據(jù),同時所得出的結(jié)論還應符合基本的科普常識.