Question

Imagine your body is like the house you live in．Every day, your family creates rubbish．The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection．
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys （腎臟）don't work efficiently．Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products．Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins．
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （診查）difficult．
Kidney's main job is to remove toxins（毒素） and unwanted water from our blood．Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood．Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain．
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis（透析）do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so．Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage．Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes （糖尿�。゛nd high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades．Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential (潛在的) risk factors for the kidney disease．
【小題1】The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______．

A．it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time

B．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently

C．it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day

D．it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste

【小題2】The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means         .

A．smooth and safe	B．a(chǎn)pparent and fast
C．gradual and unnoticed	D．long and painful

【小題3】We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,         .

A．the kidney failure begins

B．the kidneys can still work properly

C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function

D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged

【小題4】How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?

A．Six.

B．Five.

C．Four.

D．Two.

【小題5】Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?

A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.

B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.

C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.

D．Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.

Answer 1

【小題1】C
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
【小題5】B

解析試題分析：本文講述的是腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的原因以及巨大的危害，分析了腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的重要因素，提出了解決的方法。
【小題1】C 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．可知如果我們不及時清理體內(nèi)的毒素，我們的身體會出很大的問題。故C項正確。
【小題2】C 推理題。根據(jù)本句Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins可知這種破壞的過程是漸進的，慢慢的，會導(dǎo)致腎臟功能的衰竭。故該詞是逐漸的，慢慢地。故C正確。
【小題3】D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第4段It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （診查）difficult．可知百分之90的癥狀是看不出來的，也就是如果我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了，那么問題可能已經(jīng)很嚴重了。故D正確。
【小題3】A 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段as age and genetic make-up are out of our control;和overweight and not getting enough exercises,以及diabetes （糖尿病）and high blood pressu可知文章中一共提及了6個因素。故A正確。
【小題5】B 推理題。腎臟在早期很難觀察到，那么我們要盡早檢查，經(jīng)常檢查。同時加強鍛煉也是一個很重要的方法。故B正確。
考點：考查健康類短文閱讀
點評：本文講述的是腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的原因以及巨大的危害，分析了腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的重要因素，提出了解決的方法。要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理，要根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案。