Question

【題目】Zhang Heshan, 62 , from Chcngziyu Village in Qinhuangdao, has been protecting a 10 - kilometer part of the Great Wall 【1】 (build) during the Ming Dynasty for 40 years.

He started to patrol (巡查) the wall in 1978 when he found considerable damage done by local villagers, 【2】 had stolen the bricks for their own use. He spends about four hours daily 【3】 (walk) along the wall to see if there is any fresh damage.

In the past decades, Zhang 【4】 (wear) out more than 200 pairs of shoes, and the 【5】 (distant) he has covered during the patrols could have taken him around the globe twice.

His perseverance（毅力）has 【6】 （gradual）paid off. In 2002 he became the first farmer number of the China Great Wall Society. In 2007. he 【7】（award）with a national honor—Outstanding Cultural Heritage（遺產(chǎn)）Protector for his enthusiasm and contribution to preserving the Great Wall.

Thanks 【8】 Zhang’s efforts, more and more travelers from home and abroad have visited Chengziyu in recent years. “Travelers like the original state of the wall rather than some newly constructed parts in modem limes. This is 【9】 historic treasure that all generations should protect. I’ve committed myself to protecting it so that 【10】（it）greatness can be seen and appreciated by future generations. Let’s all work together to preserve the original Great Wall.” Zhang said.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】built

【2】who

【3】walking

【4】has worn

【5】distance

【6】gradually

【7】was awarded

【8】to

【9】a

【10】its

【解析】本文是一篇人物介紹類文章。本文主要介紹了河北秦皇島的長城守望者——張鶴珊。

【1】考查非謂語動詞。build與其邏輯主語the Great Wall之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語，填built。

【2】考查非限制性定語從句。___2___ had stolen the bricks for their own use.作定語，修飾local villagers，且有逗號隔開，所以___2___ had stolen the bricks for their own use.是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指人，所以填who。

【3】考查固定句型。spend time (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，是固定句型，所以填walking。

【4】考查時(shí)態(tài)。過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)下去，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以填has worn。

【5】考查定語從句。he has covered during the patrols是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾前面的名詞，所以填distance。

【6】考查副詞。修飾動詞短語paid off，用副詞，所以填gradually。

【7】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)�！八�”和“授予”之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)；且表示發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，綜上所述，用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，所以填was awarded。

【8】考查固定短語。這里表示“多虧了張的努力”，thanks to多虧，是固定短語，所以填to。

【9】考查冠詞。泛指“一個(gè)歷史珍品”，且historic的首字母發(fā)音是輔音，所以填不定冠詞a。

【10】考查代詞。我使自己致力于保護(hù)長城，那樣它的偉大就可以被后代觀看和欣賞。表示“它的”，所以填its。

（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法一——結(jié)束性用法：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí)，常與時(shí)間副詞already ，yet ，just ，ever ，never ，before等連用。這幾個(gè)副詞的用法如下：1．a(chǎn)lready意為“已經(jīng)”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。實(shí)例：1）I've already read this book我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書中的內(nèi)容”。）2）I've washed my clothes already．我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。（洗衣服的動作已完成，其結(jié)果是“衣服冼干凈了”。）注意：在表示吃驚或明知故問等感情色彩時(shí)，already也可用于疑問句中。實(shí)例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已經(jīng)見過他了？ 2．yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。實(shí)例：1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎？—No，not yet．不，還沒有。2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ． 那位婦女還沒有找到她的狗。（沒找到狗，心里著急，這就是對現(xiàn)在的影響）3．just意為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例：He has just come back from school ．他剛從學(xué)校回來。 4．ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例：1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去過香港嗎？2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她說過話。5．never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例：I have never travelled by plane before．我以前從來沒有乘飛機(jī)旅行過。6．before意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。實(shí)例：1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去過海南嗎？ 2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前沒吃過廣東菜。

（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法二——持續(xù)性用法：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for ＋一段時(shí)間或“since＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)）以及so far（到目前為止）等時(shí)間狀語連用。實(shí)例：1）I've lived here since 1990．自從1990年以來我就住在這里。2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年沒有看見他了。3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．自從到這個(gè)城市以來，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。4）She's been at this school since five years ago．自從五年前以來她就在這個(gè)學(xué)校。注意：在這類句子的肯定句中謂語動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。短暫性動詞由于動作不能持續(xù)，故不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語連用。1）他入團(tuán)兩年了。 誤：He has joined the League for two years．正：He has been a League member for two years．2）我買這輛自行車三年了。誤：I have bought this bike for three years．正：I have had this bike for three years．