Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red, why are veins (靜脈) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of question depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five tunes as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don't they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or "milk") teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and do. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects, of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards ---- their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bait and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩暈的)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're Dot!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s "use it, or lost it”! It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
 
【小題1】What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A．Blue.  B．Dark reddish purple. 
C．Red.  D．Light yellow. 
【小題2】Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because they are more easily affected by gravity. 
B．Because their spine is in active use. 
C．Because their spine becomes more bent. 
D．Because they keep growing backwards. 
【小題3】Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart. 
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will fell dizzy. 
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. 
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. 
【小題4】What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy. 
B．To challenge new findings in medical research. 
C．To report the latest discoveries in medical science. 
D．To provide information about our body. 


【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：你知道我們身體的一些秘密嗎？比如血液是紅色的，但為什么靜脈看起來卻是綠色的？等等問題，讀完本篇你就會(huì)找到答案。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第一段第二句Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color.很容易判斷出皮膚表面的靜脈是暗紅色的，選B。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第四段最后一句Or, more often, become more bent and curved.可以判斷他們的脊柱是彎曲的，選C。
【小題3】排除題：根據(jù)第二段最后一句But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.可知Ａ項(xiàng)正確。通過第五段最后一句But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not可知當(dāng)我們突然停止旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)才會(huì)感到眩暈，所以Ｂ項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；通過第六段最后一句But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.可知Ｃ，Ｄ兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
【小題4】寫作意圖題：本篇的寫作意圖就是讓我們了解我們的身體，為我們提供一些基本的信息，故D項(xiàng)正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

It is often said that man has become the enemy of our planet. This is no exaggeration(夸張), for reports show that man’s greed has done much to destroy the earth. Man, in his greedy desire for financial growth, has polluted the air, land and water, and has robbed our valuable natural resources. Man’s industrial plants pour out poisonous waste that pollutes the sea and puts life in the sea under the threat of dying out; at the same time, they release alarming amounts of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other pollutants. Small wonder that the air now is much warmer and more impure than ever before.
Of course, this is not just because of man’s greed—it is man’s pressing need as well. For instance, in developing countries, huge financial foreign debts have forced governments to approve the cutting of forests for agriculture or ranching. As a result, forests are cut down just to meet man’s immediate needs.
Perhaps unknowingly，man has changed the make-up of the earth's atmosphere. Scientific studies have shown that CFCs used in refrigerators and industrial cleaners are fast destroying the ozone layer—a protective layer in the atmosphere that protects us against the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet (紫外線)rays. In fact, documented reports have shown a terrible fact that there are “holes” in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. And they appear to be expanding.
Faced with these environmental problems, world leaders have shown deep concern. The UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) has arranged international agreements like the Vienna convention of 1985 and the Montreal Protocol of 1989 to preserve the ozone layer by controlling the production, use and trade of destructive chemicals.
There may be some doubt as to how effectual these agreements may be, given that some countries still maintain an “I-don’t-care” attitude. Their attitude is probably due to their failure to grasp the importance of the problem. Then, there is no doubt that environmental education on an international scale（規(guī)模）is greatly needed, so that all countries, great and small—the “haves” and the “have nots”—may realize their responsibilities for our planet.
In the meantime, the UNEP seems to have taken steps in the right direction, and it is hoped that in the not so distant future, all nations of the world will join hands in saving mother earth.
【小題1】Which of the following is a reason for the cutting and burning of forests?

A．To build houses for more population. B．To have land for agriculture.
C．To export trees to other countries.D．To build industrial plants.
【小題2】The holes in the ozone layer are largely due to________.
A．man’s research activities B．the greenhouse effect
C．the ultraviolent D．harmful chemicals
【小題3】Why don’t some countries care about the problem of the environment?
A．They don’t want to put their lives in danger.
B．They just don’t know how to solve the problem.
C．They haven’t realized the seriousness of the problem.
D．They don’t want to break their international commitment.
【小題4】66. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the environment?
A．Hopeful. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful D．Objective

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Babies who are slow to gain weight in the first months of their lives generally catch up to their peers by age 13,a large UK study shows, Researchers said the results would make parents whose babies fail to put on weight quickly less worried.
The researchers looked at data from ,11,499 children who took part in a large study, It showed that 507 who were slow to gain weight in the first eight weeks of life recovered fairly quickly and had almost caught up by age 2. Another group of 480 who were slow to gain between eight weeks and nine months continued to put on weight slowly until they were seven years ,but then had a sudden increase and caught up by age 13, The different pattems of recovery between the two groups were likely due to different reasons for slow weight gain ,the researchers said, All the children were still lighter and shorter than their peers by the time they were teenagers ,but within the normal range.
The findings highlight the importance of monitoring a baby’s weight and height gain during the first few weeks and months ,but not creating anxiety with parents of slow-growing babies, said the study leader Prof Alan Emond from the University of Bristol.
“In the past, a lot of parents have been caused unnecessary anxiety by heaith professionals and this is a positive and reassuring message.”He said in many cases of slow growth where children do not follow the standard’curve’(曲線)it is just because they are following their genetic potential.
Dr Simon Newell, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said he broadly agreed with the concluslons of the researchers but stressed that poor weight gain was something that needed to be monitored closely, “I would encourage parents to use growth charts but if measurements show your baby is smaller than averager it may be completely normal, ”he said.
【小題1】What can we know from the findings of the research?

A．All the cases of slow weight gain in the first months of the babies’ lives are caused by the same reason
B．Slow-growing babies will have the same height and weight with their peers by age13
C．Many cases of children whose growth don’t meet the growing standard curve cannot be treated as abnormal
D．The findings won’t cause parents’ anxiety so monitoring a baby’s growth from his/her birth is unnecessary
【小題2】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．It’s important to monitor a baby’s weight and height gain for new parents
B．New parents should feel anxious about their baby’s weight and height gain
C．Researches still couldn’t find the reasons for slow weight gain
D．All the children’s weight and height became normal by age 13
【小題3】What does the underlined word in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Making sure something is certain to be true
B．Making someone calmer and less anxious
C．Confirming something is to happen again
D．Being sure that someone can be attracted
【小題4】Which of the statements would Dr Simon Newell agree to?
A．To some degree, growth charts can help parents monitor their babies’ weight gain
B．It’s abnormal for babies are smaller than average
C．He agreed with the researchers completely
D．Babies’ weight gain can only be monitored and measured by using growth charts.
【小題5】The writer wrote this passage in order to        
A．tell us how to help babies grow faster
B．explain why babies are gain weight slowly
C．report on the findings of a research
D．reduce the anxiety of some parents

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The World's Largest Insect .This giant insect can be used as a toy.
A child ties one end of a string to a stick and the other end around the "neck" of an insect. Holding the stick, the child lets the insect go. With a loud whirring sound, the insect takes off, pulling the string in a large curve over the child's head. The child laughs as the stick jumps around. The child is African, and the toy is the African Goliath beetle, the largest insect in the world.
The Goliath is a true insect because it has six legs and a body that is divided into three parts. Like all beetles, it has two pairs of wings. The front pair are thick and stiff and protect the back pair, which are soft. It is these soft back wings that make the beetle fly forward. They also cause the loud whirring sound the beetle makes when it flies. To steer, the beetle twists and turns its legs the same way you steer a bike by turning its front wheel.
African children often use the Goliath beetle as a toy. Although it is over 15 centimeters long, it is quite harmless.
【小題1】 The African Goliath beetle is _______. 

A．the world's largest insect
B．a(chǎn) toy used in many parts of the world
C．the only insect found in Africa
D．the world's smallest insect
【小題2】What do African children often use the Goliath beetle as?
A．a(chǎn) tool.B．a(chǎn) toy. C．harmfull insects.D．Good animals.
【小題3】We know the Goliath beetle is a true insect because it _______. 
A．makes a whirring sound when it flies B．has both soft and hard wings
C．has six legs and a body with three parts D．can fly
【小題4】When flying, the Goliath steers by_______. 
A．turning its soft back wings
B．twisting and turning its hard front wings
C．twisting and turning its legs
D．twisting and turning its whole body

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons（季風(fēng)）, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every year, damp air masses，known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook , a weather expert at Columbia University in New York., the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.” With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”
【小題1】What’s the passage mainly about？

A．The effects of Asian monsoons.  
B．The necessity of weather forecast. 
C．The achievements of Edward cook.  
D．A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. 
【小題2】It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because _______.
A．it is hard to keep long-term climate records.  
B．they are formed under complex climate systems. 
C．they influence many nations. 
D．there is heavy rainfall in Asia. 
【小題3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Long and detailed climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research. 
B．The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years. 
C．The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak. 
D．The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas. 
【小題4】According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees _______.
A．determine the regional climate. 
B．have a great influence on the regional climate. 
C．offer people information about the regional climate.  
D．reflect all kinds of regional climate information. 
【小題5】Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?
A．Matter-of –fact B．Pessimistic C．Humorous D．Friendly. 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Growers around the world are using new methods to grow grapes to make wine. They use natural and organic methods to control harmful insects and weeds instead of using chemicals. Now, a winery in Canada has adopted a natural way to control its grapevines (葡萄藤).The Featherstone Winery is in southern Ontario. The grapevines, like other plants, need to be cut every year.
Cutting grapevines must be done very carefully. Only a targeted area of leaves is removed from the lower part of the vines to help the grapes grow better. But at the Featherstone Winery, no man or machine does the cutting. Instead, the job is done by 40 little wooly lambs.www.zxxk.com
David Johnson owns the vineyard. He says he learned about using lambs while visiting wineries in New Zealand. The young lambs are perfectly designed to do the job. They eat the grape leaves on the lower parts of the vine. But they are not tall enough to reach the grapes. They only weigh about 22 kilograms, so they do not beat down the soil. And their waste makes good organic fertilizer. In addition, using the lambs costs much less than hiring workers to cut the vines for seven weeks in summer. And when the cutting is done in August, the lambs become tasty dishes.
Mr Johnson says he had a difficult time finding enough lambs to do the job. There are about 50 million lambs in New Zealand. But there are not nearly as many in Ontario. Also, some organic pesticides (殺蟲劑) are harmful to lambs. And the lambs must be watched to make sure they do not eat too much of the grapevines.
David Johnson says the lambs help him carry out his environmental ideas about farming. They are lovely and peaceful and he likes having them in his vineyard. People visiting the vineyard also enjoy watching the lambs do their job.
【小題1】Farmers who grow grapes with natural and organic methods _____.

A．don't cut grapevines every year
B．don't use chemicals to control harmful insects and weeds
C．don't need to control harmful insects and weeds
D．don't use organic fertilizer
【小題2】In order to help the grapes grow better, growers _____.
A．only have to remove the dead leaves
B．need to remove a specific area of leaves
C．shouldn't remove any part of the plants
D．should let little lambs do the cutting
【小題3】Paragraph 4 is mainly about _____.
A．the future of getting lambs to do the cutting
B．the worries about using organic pesticides
C．the ways to get lambs to do the cutting
D．the problems related to lambs doing the cutting
【小題4】We can infer from the passage that David Johnson______.
A．owns several wineries in Canada
B．buys lambs from New Zealand
C．is concerned about protecting the environment
D．loves keeping lambs instead of farming

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day. Some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future, but the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(殺蟲劑) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
【小題1】From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers ________.

A．worked very hard for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better life
C．were poor but somewhat content（滿意的）
D．lived a different life from their forefathers
【小題2】Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?
A．The frogs were easy money.
B．They needed money to buy medicine.
C．They wanted to please the visitors.
D．The frogs made too much noise.
【小題3】What might be the cause of the children's sickness?
A．The crops didn't do well.
B．There were too many insects.
C．The visits brought in diseases.
D．The pesticides were overused.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水閘) has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six­week period in July and August 2008，more than 11400 — mainly elderly people — died in France from dehydration (脫水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity (強(qiáng)度) are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air­conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short­term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions.
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air­conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal­fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【小題1】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Big Cities Facing Big DisastersB．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural DisastersD．Solutions to Natural Disasters
【小題2】What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences.
【小題3】 Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air­conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
【小題4】The major threats to Shanghai are ________.
A．increasing population and coal­fired power stations
B．rising sea levels and typhoons
C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons
【小題5】The purpose of the passage is ________.
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans,  killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.
The 16-­year ­old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute,
has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months, a finding that won him first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair, a $10 000 prize, a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(調(diào)制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally, he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap: maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer: not much. So I decided to do something myself.” said Daniel Burd.
【小題1】Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair because________.

A．he found a new kind of microorganism
B．he contributed much to environmental protection
C．he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D．he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
【小題2】Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to ________.
A．make the live bacteria work better
B．test how effective his method was
C．know which bacteria worked faster
D．control the temperature in the process
【小題3】Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because ________.
A．plastics can get hot easily
B．microbes can produce heat themselves
C．much carbon dioxide is produced
D．the temperature can be controlled
【小題4】Daniel Burd got his idea from ________.
A．his school textbook B．the failure of researchers
C．his everyday work D．the practice of other people

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案