Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English ruler tried to conquer Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English, Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people will work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were "the greatest talkers since the Creeks". Since independence, Ireland has revived (復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
【小題1】What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?
| A．How the Irish fought against the English. |
| B．How Ireland gained independence. |
| C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. |
| D．How two “Irelands” came into being. |
| A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population |
| B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside |
| C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker |
| D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments |
| A．the Irish character | B．Irish culture |
| C．Irish musical instruments | D．a(chǎn) famous Irish writer |
| A．Life in Ireland | B．A very difficult history |
| C．Ireland, past and present | D．the independence of Ireland |
【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
解析試題分析：文章介紹了愛(ài)爾蘭的過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在，文化與歷史。它的形成，以及在歷史上受到的苦難和它的文化。
【小題1】段落大意題。第一段正是告訴我們兩個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭是如何形成的。選D。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1行In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes ,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of bunger.可知在19世紀(jì)的食品短缺導(dǎo)致人口下降。選A。
【小題3】段落大意題。通讀全段和句子：Ireland has revived (復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing.可知文章最后一段是關(guān)于愛(ài)爾蘭的文化。選B。
【小題4】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章介紹了愛(ài)爾蘭的過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在。它的形成，以及在歷史上受到的苦難和它的文化。選C
考點(diǎn)：考查歷史類(lèi)短文
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