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　　Dr．Jack M．Gwaltney, Jr．a professor at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, infected six student volunteers with virus, the most common cause of colds．A few days later, when they were coughing and sneezing, he gathered 37 more people and divided them into three groups．Group 1 members spent three days and nights in the same room with one of the infected students, separated by a screen so they couldn't touch one another．Group 2 sat around a table while an infected volunteer talked, coughed and sang to them．Group 3 held hands with an infected student for ten seconds, and then touched their own noses or eyes．

　　Although most scientists at the time, the mid-70s, believed colds were spread by virus-laden droplets spread through the air when infected people coughed or sneezed, Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role．Sure enough, of the 15 people who had touched a student volunteer, 11 became infected-compared with only one of those who had been sitting at the table, and none who had spent three days and nights together．

　　"The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus," says Gwaltney．The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney's reputation as a leading authority．

　　Dr．Robert Couch says, "It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr．Common Cold．"

　　When Gwaltney is asked how close scientists are to finding a cure, he replies："If you mean ‘get rid of', I don't think we're going to be able to do that with cold viruses any time soon．But if you look in the dictionary, you'll see that 'cure' is explained as a successful treatment．And we're not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms(癥狀)-we're getting at the root cause too．"

(1)

Dr．Jack M．Gwaltney conducted the experiment in order to ________．

[　　]

A．

find out the most common cause of colds

B．

infect the student volunteer

C．

find out the role physical contact plays in the common colds

D．

find out the role virus-laden air plays in the infection of colds

(2)

The result of the experiment shows that ________ plays an important role in the infection of colds．

[　　]

A．

sneezing at the infected person

B．

touching the infected person

C．

sitting together with the infected person

D．

talking with the infected person

(3)

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

Dr．Gwaltney was sure that hand-to-hand touch is the cause of the common cold．

B．

Only one of the people who had spent three days and nights together became infected．

C．

Dr．Gwaltney conducted many an experiment as to the cause of colds．

D．

Dr．Gwaltney tested altogether 43 volunteers to see how they could develop colds．

(4)

When Dr．Gwaltney gives a reply in the end of the passage, he means that ________．

[　　]

A．

they have found the fundamental cause of colds

B．

they have managed to wipe out the cold viruses

C．

they have meant to experiment more

D．

they have made much progress in dealing with colds

答案：1．C;2．B;3．C;4．D;
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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省蚌埠二中2008屆高三8月份月考英語試題 題型：050

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　　Increasing fluid intake(攝入量)by about a liter per day appears to have no negative effects on healthy older men．Dutch researchers report．

　　Dr．Mark G．Spigt of Maastricht University and his colleagues note that older people are often dehydrated(脫水)，partly because their sensation of thirst may be slow．On the other hand, the elderly can easily become overly hydrated, because their kidneys(腎)tend to work less efficiently．Keeping extra water reduce the level of sodium(鈉)in the body, which can have serious consequences．

　　To investigate the general effects of increased fluid intake, the researchers examined data from a study involving 141 healthy men aged between 55 and 75．In random(隨意的)order they were either advised to increase their water intake by a liter and a half per day, or were given a spoonful of syrup(糖漿)per day．

　　After 6 months, the men urged to drink more water had managed to boost their daily fluid intake by an average of about a liter per day．There were no significant differences between the two groups in blood pressure or sodium level．

　　The researchers thus concluded that the advice to increase fluid intake had no negative effects．

　　Summing up, Spigt added,“It seems unreasonable to worry about the harmful effects of drinking extra water, he warned,”This does not mean that one can drink too much．Extreme intakes of water-more than 10 liters–can be harmful．

(1)

The first paragraph is written to ________．

[　　]

A．

attract readers’ attention

B．

introduce some researchers to us

C．

introduce the topic of the passage

D．

tell us the result of a research

(2)

According to Spigt and his colleagues, the elderly are often dehydrated ________．

[　　]

A．

because their kidneys can’t work properly

B．

because water can reduce the level of sodium in the body．

C．

because they need less water than before．

D．

partly because their feeling of thirst may be slow．

(3)

Which of the following can explain the underlined word“boost”(in Paragraph 4)?

[　　]

A．

Increase

B．

Reduce

C．

Complete

D．

Require

(4)

The main purpose of this passage is to tell people ________．

[　　]

A．

elderly men like to drink more water

B．

elderly men should drink more water

C．

drinking extra water does no harm to elderly men

D．

drinking too much water does harm to people

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　　Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch?Have you been doing internet shopping rather than going to the stores?What can’t you be bothered to do?

　　A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of adults are so lazy they’d catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs．

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　　About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up．

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　　This led the report to conclude that it’s no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese(very fat)before they start school．

　　Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said：“People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too．”

　　“If we don’t start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary of tasks．”

　　And Scotland’s largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most inactive city in the UK, with 75％ surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67％．

　　The results cause serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year．

(1)

What causes children in the UK to be obese?

[　　]

A．

Eating ready meal

B．

Watching TV

C．

Doing Internet shopping

D．

Being lazy

(2)

What can be inferred from the passage?

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A．

British people are too lazy to do anything．

B．

Internet shopping will do harm to your health．

C．

Many people would not run to catch a bus in Britain．

D．

People should be more active and take regular exercise to keep fit．

(3)

Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

One sixth of British people use remote control when watching TV．

B．

People will benefit not only themselves but their families by getting fit．

C．

Fatness can cause diseases such as heart disease and cancer．

D．

More people get obesity-related illnesses now than 40 years ago．

(4)

What does the underlined word rudimentary most probably mean?

[　　]

A．

basic

B．

serious

C．

vital

D．

hard

(5)

All the following are among the most lazy cities in the UK except ________．

[　　]

A．

Glasgow

B．

Birmingham

C．

Nuffield

D．

Southampton

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科目：高中英語 來源：山東省萊蕪市2011屆高三11月階段測試英語試題 題型：050

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　　Many years ago, there was a story of a school teacher－Mrs.Thompson．She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same．But that was a lie．There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard．He didn't play well with the other children and he always needed a bath．She did not like him．

　　Then Mrs.Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother．Mrs.Thompson was ashamed of herself．She felt even worse when, like all her other students, Teddy brought her a Christmas present too．It was his mother's perfume．

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　　Mrs.Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy．The boy's mind seemed to come alive．The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved．By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class．

　　Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy．He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life．He went to college．Mrs.Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F.Stoddard, M.D.(醫(yī)學博士)．

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　　Mrs.Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back,“Teddy, you have it all wrong．You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference．I didn't know how to teach until I met you．"

(1)

According to the first paragraph, which is true between Teddy and his teacher?

[　　]

A．

Mrs.Thompson loved him all the same．

B．

Mrs.Thompson didn't play well with him．

C．

Mrs.Thompson told Teddy not to tell a lie．

D．

Mrs.Thompson had a dislike of Teddy

(2)

From the passage, we can infer that ________．

[　　]

A．

Teddy loved his mother very much

B．

Mrs.Thompson told a lie and felt ashamed

C．

Mrs.Thompson cried because she misunderstood Teddy

D．

Teddy hoped Mrs.Thompson could treat him like his mom

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Why did Teddy become one of the smartest children in the class?

[　　]

A．

Mrs.Thompson paid little attention to him．

B．

Mrs.Thompson gave him encouragement more often

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Teddy was clever and worked hard．

D．

Teddy got well on with other students．

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As a teacher, Mrs.Thompson realized that it was important ________．

[　　]

A．

to be stricter with the students

B．

to teach children more knowledge

C．

to care more about educating students

D．

to teach the students how to meke a difference

(5)

Why did Teddy invite Mrs.Tbompson to his wedding?

[　　]

A．

Teddy kept in touch with her all the time．

B．

Teddy thanked her for her help and encouragement．

C．

Teddy was treated by the teacher like her son．

D．

She had taught him how to judge people．

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　　Dr．Glenn Tisman, a cancer specialist, knew his young neighbor, Ray Bateman, had an unusual mind．But he had no idea at the time that 12-year-old Ray had the ability to become his partner in cancer research．

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(1)

According to the passage, Ray ________．

[　　]

A．

is a boy of many gifts

B．

is very helpful to his parents

C．

learned fast under Dr．Tisman's instruction

D．

stopped working with Dr．Tisman after his success

(2)

What do we know about Dr．Tisman?

[　　]

A．

He succeeded in finding cures for cancer．

B．

He made a new discovery in cancer treatment．

C．

He convinced Ray to become a partner of him．

D．

He taught Ray knowledge related to his research．

(3)

What made Ray first known to the medical world?

[　　]

A．

His presentation at AFCR．

B．

His great skills in computer．

C．

His devotion to cancer research．

D．

His appearance on television newscasts．

(4)

Dr．Tisman's research is aimed at ________．

[　　]

A．

providing different cancer treatments

B．

proving the effects of vitamins on babies

C．

finding the side effects of a cancer drug

D．

testing the effectiveness of a new drug mixture

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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省蚌埠鐵中2012屆高三上學期期中考試英語試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Watching 3D films such as Avatar could give some viewers headaches, experts have warned．

　　The success of James Cameron's science-fiction blockbuster(賣座的大片), which has already taken more than ＄1 billion(￡600 million)at the box office, is fuelling a surge in popularity for three-dimensional movies and new 3D television sets．

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　　Watching a 3D movie confronts viewers with an entirely new sensory experience．"That translates into greater mental effort, making it easier to get a headache," he said．

　　Dr Deborah Friedman, a professor of ophthalmology and neurology(神經學)at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, said："If your eyes are a little off to begin with then it's really throwing a whole degree of effort that your brain now needs to exert．This disparity for some people will give them a headache．"

　　Experts say there are no studies tracking how common it is to get a headache after watching a 3D film．

　　Rick Heineman, a spokesman for RealD, which provides 3D equipment to cinemas, said headaches and nausea were the main reasons 3D technology never took off before．

　　But he said new digital technology addresses many of the problems that had previously caused sore heads．

(1)

What can we learn from what Dr Michael Rosenberg said?

[　　]

A．

A lot of people prefer walking around with very minor eye problems to sitting silently watching 3D films．

B．

The brain can deal with very minor eye problems under normal circumstances naturally．

C．

A lot of people haven’t got very minor eye problems when viewing films under normal circumstances．

D．

People come into very minor eye problems and a minor muscle imbalance when watching 3D films．

(2)

What does the underlined word “prolonged” in the 3rd paragraph mean?

[　　]

A．

continuous

B．

constant

C．

regular

D．

long-time

(3)

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

[　　]

A．

It has taken less than ＄1 billion to make the popularity of three-dimensional movies and new 3D television sets．

B．

Watching a 3D movie leaves viewers confronted with an entirely new sensory experience．

C．

There are studies tracking how common it is to get a headache after watching a 3D film．

D．

Rick Heineman said that 3D technology would never take off headaches and nausea in future．

(4)

What’s the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

The expert warns the readers not to watch 3D films because of resulting in an aching head．

B．

New digital technology gives viewers headaches and eye problems．

C．

The experts are studying how to get rid of many of the problems that have previously caused sore heads．

D．

Viewing 3D films may result in some side-effect problems such as headaches．

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