Question

【題目】任務(wù)型閱讀,請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題紙上相應(yīng)的橫線上。

The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says children’s early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child developement and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents. ”

Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. ”

The Sutton Trust study
Introduction	The study reveals children’s early attachment to parents 【1】_______ affects their ability to speak, learn and think.
Method of the study	Researchers【2】_______ more than 100 case studies on the issue through visiting homes, assessing children and 【3】________children.
Statistics of the study	·In the UK, only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents. ·In other countries where the studies were carried out, the numbers are quite【4】________.
Negative effects of insecure 【5】_______	·A【6】________ of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children. At the age of five, the【7】_______ school readiness gap between children can be 19 months. ·Without secure attachment, future life difficulties such as quitting school, 【8】_________ from work and other emotional issues would emerge.
The significance of parental attachment	Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people’s social 【9】________ because it narrows children’s school readiness gap and it improves children’s life chances.
Suggestion	A【10】_____ effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】largely/greatly

【2】analyzed

【3】observing

【4】close

【5】attachment

【6】lack

【7】biggest

【8】hiding/escaping

【9】status

【10】combined/joint

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。介紹了兒童早期與父母形成的紐帶關(guān)系有助于孩子智力、情感的發(fā)育，他們可以學習更快，如果缺少這種紐帶作用，孩子們?nèi)菀仔纬蓞拰W、暴力、蔑視、極度興奮等不良行為，報道指出很多英國家庭都缺少這種紐帶作用，專家呼吁父母和孩子要多培養(yǎng)感情。

【1】largely/greatly 主旨大意題。由第一段第一句The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.知父母與孩子早期的情感交流對教育有著重大的影響。故填largely/greatly。

【2】analyzed 細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知這項調(diào)查分析了100個案例，包括家訪和全國范圍內(nèi)對孩子的評估和觀察。故填analyzed。

【3】observing 細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知這項調(diào)查分析了100個案例，包括家訪和全國范圍內(nèi)對孩子的評估和觀察。故填observing。

【4】close 分析比較題。由第三段第二句. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations知這位科學家的團隊在大規(guī)模的分析案例，發(fā)現(xiàn)38%——42%的孩子學習表現(xiàn)差。這與英國40%的學習困難同學數(shù)據(jù)很接近。故填close。

【5】attachment 細節(jié)理解題。由第四段倒數(shù)第二句Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development知情感交流可以真正幫助孩子情感和社交行為的發(fā)展，那么沒有足夠的情感交流則會帶來負面影響。故填attachment。

【6】lack 細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility,知良好的紐帶關(guān)系可以形成更好的社會適應(yīng)性，反之，缺乏則會導致很多不適應(yīng)。故填lack。

【7】biggest 細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.知在5歲時，學校的認知差距最明顯。故填biggest。

【8】hiding/escaping 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.知沒有安全感的孩子更有可能早期輟學、逃避工作和訓練。故填hiding/escaping。

【9】status 細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第一段第一句the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances.知安全感可以減少學校認知差距，提高孩子未來生活質(zhì)量。提升社會地位。故填status。

【10】combined/joint 歸納總結(jié)題。由最后一句話More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. 知我們需要健康中心、兒童中心、當?shù)卣�府的合作，才能幫助父母與孩子建立感情聯(lián)系，縮小教育差距。故填combined/joint。