Question

7．Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands．Today，rivers are controlled for many reasons，primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily，agricultural and industrial needs，for power generation，for navigation （航行），and to prevent flooding．
River control is achieved by channelization，a term that covers a range of river engineering works，including widening，deepening，straightening and stabilization of banks，and by the construction of dams．
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century，when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened．One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River，a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary．The controlling of the Tisza，designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture，included cutting off more than 100 meanders （河曲），shortening the river's length by nearly 400kilometers．
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them．The past 50years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide，and at the beginning of the 21^st century，there were about 800，000dams globally，some towering more than 200meters in height．
Despite their successes，many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful．Some particularly deep reservoirs （水庫） can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water．Downstream of a reservoir，the river is certainly influenced in many ways：water volume，speed and quality are all affected，leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals．

71．RiverControl72．Reasons73．supply74．agriculture75．flooding76．deepening77．stabilizing78．shortening79．dam construction80．the environment．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了控制河水的原因和方法．對河流的管控是出于多種原因的，主要是為確保日常水供應、工農業(yè)用水、發(fā)電、航行和防洪的需要．對河流的管控是由修筑大壩和水道運輸系統(tǒng)達成的．該系統(tǒng)囊括一系列的河流工事，包含加寬、掘深、改造與河堤加固．措施包括改造100余條河曲，縮短河長近400公里．人類對河流進行管控最常見的辦法就是筑壩．21世紀初，全球有大壩約80萬座，但成就卻不能掩蓋筑壩引發(fā)的沉重環(huán)境惡化問題．

解答 71． River Control    全文標題．根據(jù)首段"people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands"得出全文都在討論利用河流資源，控制河水，答案注意要改成名詞形式，答案為River Control．  
72．Reasons   根據(jù)本空后面的方框提到的信息定位到第一段第二行"Today，rivers are controlled for many reasons"可知，答案為概括這些細節(jié)的名詞"Reasons"，注意用復數(shù)形式．
73．supply   根據(jù)本空下面的細節(jié)定位到第二段第三行"to maintain reliable watersupplies for daily"可知，保證每天有可靠的水供應，注意改為原形--空格前有不定式"to"，所以用動詞"supply"．       
74．agriculture   根據(jù)第一段第二句"water supplies for daily，agricultural and industrial needs"可知，答案為agriculture 與daily life 和industry并列．
75．flooding  根據(jù)第一段最后"to prevent flooding．"得出答案flooding（prevent與stop…from同義替換）．
76．deepening  根據(jù)方框中channelization定位到第二段"including widening，deepening，straightening and stabilization of banks"，根據(jù)空格前后的widening和straightening確定答案為deepening．      
77．stabilizing   根據(jù)第二段后的"stabilization of banks 河岸的穩(wěn)固"，根據(jù)空格前后的widening和straightening確定答案為stabilizing，用動名詞形式．   
78．shortening   根據(jù)第三段最后一句"shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers．"可知，答案為shortening．
79．dam construction  第二段最后"by the construction of dams．"，根據(jù)表格內容結構及文章第二段：控制河流取得成效是通過兩種方式：channelization"交通渠化"和construction of dams"修筑水壩"可知，答案為dam construction．
80．the environment  根據(jù)最后一段的第一句"Despite their successes，many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful"可知，盡管取得了成就，但是許多水壩也導致了重大的環(huán)境變化，這些變化證明是有害的．因此答案為the environment．

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