What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (腦震蕩) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外傷的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小題1:The passage is most probably a______.
A．news reportB．research report
C．story for soccer playersD．text for doctors
小題2:In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?
A．Computerized test.B．Questionnaire..
C．Scanning.D．M.R.I. technique.
小題3:From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.
A．significant effect on brainB．little effect on one's brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injuryD．one's memory improved
小題4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?
A．Playing soccer frequently.B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.D．Information processing.
小題5:The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.
A．rememberingB．misunderstanding
C．recallingD．missing

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:D

試題分析：這篇文章主要講了研究表明用頭頂足球，可造成腦部白質(zhì)的缺失，從而影響記憶、注意力以及視力。
小題1:這篇文章主要講了用頭頂足球，對(duì)腦部造成的傷害，所以這是一篇研究報(bào)告，故選B。
小題2:根據(jù)using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans，故選D。
小題3:根據(jù)the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.所以答案為A。
小題4:根據(jù)loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times，因此選C。
小題5:根據(jù)the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.可猜出"fumbling"意思是丟失的，因此選D。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：要想答好題目，重在理解全文意思。這篇文章比較難，先看問題，再帶著問題讀短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文內(nèi)容，總結(jié)全文中心，然后再回到問題上來，很容易選出正確答案。多了解一些常識(shí)性知識(shí)有利于閱讀理解。如果對(duì)文章的相關(guān)背景有所了解，讀起文章一定既省時(shí)又省力。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，了解各方面的背景知識(shí)是十分重要的。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

According to the survey conducted by some scientists, it is common to have difficulty sleeping during the day. Humans are naturally wired to sleep best at night and be awake during the day. However, modern work schedules require some people to try to accommodate the unnatural schedule of shift（輪班）work — being awake at night and sleeping during the day.
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A．persuade workers to have a good sleep
B．a(chǎn)dvise night workers to keep healthy
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C．A bright room without phones to sleep in.
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C．If he fails to get quality sleep through his own efforts.
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小題2:
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A．a(chǎn)bilityB．relationshipC．confidenceD． business
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小題6:
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How can you put this principle to work in your own life? There’s more involved than simply mimicking a few expressions. You have to be systematic about it. Here’s how:
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Look your best to increase your self-confidence.
Keep cool in a crisis.
Using our bodies and actions to change the way we feel can be a useful tool in helping us through life’s difficult times. As novelist George Eliot wrote more than a century ago, “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” People who remember that — and act upon it — can only be richer and happier for the experience.
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A．to wear a wrong coat
B．to act a part unsuccessfully
C．to show a pretended happy appearance
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B．had many spirits
C．was in bad mood
D．was in good mood
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B．making faces
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B．A New Way to Take Medicine Every Day
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B．bones’ becoming weak and breaking easily causes steoporosis
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d. only one centimeter long and having small sections
e. improving the lives of millions of people
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A．The decrease of strokes B．The prevention of weight gain
C．Fewer heart attacksD．The drop in medical care cost
小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
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B．the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone
C．the less salt one eats, the healthier he will be
D．a(chǎn)ll the heart diseases result from eating too much salt
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A．inform people of the harm that salt does to health
B．a(chǎn)ttract the public attention to the problem
C．require fast food places to list salt information
D．put pressure on food companies and restaurants
小題4:The underlined sentence "Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves." implies that _______.
A．Parents pay less attention to the amount of calories in their diet.
B．Parents set a good example to their children in daily diet.
C．Parents take less salt than before while taking meals.
D．Most parents are on a diet for their health.
小題5:Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A．Relationship between Salt and Health
B．Less Salt Can Mean Being More Healthy
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



We all know that if we want to keep our body in good shape we have to do physical exercise regularly as well as be careful with what we eat. What we tend to forget is that this goes for our eyes as well. Medical science confirms that a diet rich in carotenoids (類胡蘿卜素) can help maintain good vision(維持好視力) and prevent against a number of eye diseases. Here's some advice about how to choose the right diet to keep your eyes healthy.
— Eat orange food. Fruits and vegetables with orange flesh are rich in carotenoids. In addition to carrots，oranges，pumpkins and sweet potatoes are also available. All of these contain high levels of carotenoids，which help to maintain good vision.
— Include dark green vegetables，such as spinach (菠菜) and broccoli (西蘭花) in your diet, to act as natural sunglasses. Recent scientific studies have shown that these vegetables can help block (阻擋) the damaging UV radiation(紫外線輻射)from the sun's rays.
— Prevent some eye diseases with orange juice, yellow corn, whole milk, nuts and leafy vegetables. These foods are good sources of vitamins A, C, D and E. All of these are  necessary to good eye health.
— Increase your intake of omega­3 with some sea fish, and some other seafood. Omega­3 helps build cell walls and is especially beneficial to keeping eyes healthy .It also helps regulate the eye's internal pressure and helps the eye dry up excess fluid.
小題1:We can learn from the first paragraph that healthy food　　　　.
A．keeps eyes healthy
B．means you don't need exercise
C．can help cure eye diseases efficiently(有效地)
D．means people don't have to wear glasses
小題2:Why should people eat orange food according to the text？
A．It is beneficial to building cell walls in eyes.
B．It is more delicious than other food.
C．It is good for eyesight.
D．It is rich in various vitamins.
小題3:Which of the following can help block the damaging UV radiation from the sun's rays？
A．Pumpkins. B．Juice.C．Nuts. D．Broccoli.
小題4:The purpose of the text is to tell people how to　　　　.
A．keep their body in good shape
B．choose a healthy diet for their eyes
C．prevent serious eye diseases
D．get natural sunglasses from food

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”. Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(證據(jù)) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart. Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow. These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎癥).
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help. Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently 
found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate 
per day for two weeks their blood pressure drop quickly.
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(鍛煉). In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks.
Better for your skin. German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day. After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑潤的)and smoother. The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance.
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain.
小題1:Which of the following is wrong?                                            
A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation.
B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure.
C．People early know chocolate is good for their health.
D．Chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving.
小題2:What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk.
B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired.
C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work.
D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard.
小題3:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Chocolate, a Healthy FoodB．More Chocolate, Less Health
C．Chocolate and Blood PressureD．Advice on Eating Chocolate
小題4:What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?
A．Think of it.B．Speak up. C． Stop talkingD．Listen to it

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