閱讀理解
     Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be
interested in the memoir (回憶錄) of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men in American
education.
     Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate
Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and
changed his major from medicine to education.
     Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles
Judd and W. W.Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work.In 1927,
he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
     Tyler became wellknown nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the EightYear Study
from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
    Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford,
a position he held for fourteen years.There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an
independent spirit in their work.
     Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired.He served on a long list of
educational organizations in the United States and abroad.Even in his 80s he traveled across the country
to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives (目標(biāo)) that develop the best
teaching and learning within their schools.

1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

A. Top managers.      
B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators.
D. Science organizations.

2. The words "hooked on teaching" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching  
B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching
D. unhappy about teaching

3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A. The University of Chicago.
B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University.
D. Nebraska University.

4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ________.

A. he developed a new method of testing
B. he called for free spirit in research
C. he was still active in giving advice  
D. he still led the EightYear Study

5. What can NOT we learn about Ralph W. Tyler in this article?

A. When and where he was born.
B. Where he studied and worked.
C. His devotion to American education.
D. His life with his family.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：黃岡重點(diǎn)作業(yè)　高二英語(yǔ)（下） 題型：050

　　閱讀理解

    A poor traveller stopped under the tree to eat the boiled rice and vegetables which he had brought with him. A few metres away , there was a small shop by the side of the road where a woman was frying （油炸） fish and selling it to travellers. The woman watched the poor traveller carefully, and when he finished his food and began to go, she shouted rudely, “You haven't paid me for the fried fish!”

　　“But I have not had any fried fish!” he said.

　　“But everyone can see that you enjoyed the smell of my fried fish with your rice and vegetables ,” said the woman , “If you had not smelled the fish , your meal would not have been so pleasant!”

　　Soon a crowd collected, and although they supported the poor traveller, they had to admit that wind was blowing from the shop to the place where he had eaten, and that it had carried the smell of the fried fish to him.

　　Finally, the woman took the poor traveller to a judge , who said , “The woman says that the traveller ate his meal with the smell of her fried fish. The traveller agrees that the wind was blowing from the woman's shop to the place where he ate his rice and vegetables and that it carried the smell of her fried fish to his nose while he was eating, so he must pay for it. What does your fried fish cost” he asked the woman.

　　“Twenty-five cents a plate ,” she answered , delighted.

　　“Then go outside together,” said the judge. “There the traveller must hold up a twenty-five cent piece so that its shadow （影子） falls on the woman's hand. The price of the smell of a plate of fried fish is the shadow of twenty-five cents.”

1．Why did the traveller refuse to pay the woman for the fried fish? Because ________.

[　　]

A．he was poor

B．he was rude

C．he was supported by a crowd

D．he hadn't eaten her fried fish at all

2．When the judge asked the woman a question, she felt ________.

[　　]

A．excited
B．a(chǎn)nxious
C．glad
D．a(chǎn)ngry

3．Which of the followng statements is true?

[　　]

A．The traveller bought the boiled rice and vegetables and ate them by the side of the road.

B．The judge had no idea what the woman meant.

C．In the fifth paragraph , the first “it” has the same meaning as the second “it” .

D．The woman got nothing but the shadow of twenty-five cents in the end.

4．What do you think of the judge after reading the passage?

[　　]

A．He was foolish.

B．He was clever.

C．He was neither foolish nor clever.

D．He was kind enough to give the woman twenty-five cents.

5．What is the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．The Smell and the Shadow

B．A Poor Traveller

C．A Rude Woman

D．A Woman and a Traveller

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：導(dǎo)學(xué)大課堂必修三英語(yǔ)北師版 北師版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Let’s face it－English is a crazy language．There is no egg in eggplant(茄子)nor ham in hamburger; Neither apple nor pine in pineapple．English muffins(松餅)weren’t invented in England or French fries in France．Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat．

　　We take English for granted．But if we explore its paradox(似是而非的說(shuō)法), we find that quicksand(流沙)can work slowly, boxing rings are square and guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is a pig．

　　If teachers taught, why didn’t preachers praught?If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat?

　　How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites?How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike?How can a person be“pretty ugly”?

　　You have to marvel at the unique lunacy(荒謬)of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm clock goes off by going on．Why is a“crazy man”an insult(侮辱), while to insert a comma and say“crazy, man”is a compliment(as when clapping for a Jazz performance)．

　　English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race(which, of course, isn’t a race at all)．That is why, when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible．And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it．

(1)

Which of the following statements about the English language is not true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

It is a crazy language．

B．

It reflects the creativity of the human race．

C．

It was invented by the British people．

D．

It can be quite irregular．

(2)

Which of the following pairs contains expressions that are opposite in meaning?

[　　]

A．

“fat chance”and“a slim chance”．

B．

“To fill in a form”and“to fill out a form”．

C．

“Crazy man”and“crazy, man”．

D．

“Quite a lot”and“quite a few”．

(3)

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

[　　]

A．

A wise man is similar in meaning to a wise guy．

B．

“An alarm clock goes on”and“an alarm clock goes off”are opposite．

C．

Boxing rings are square rather than round．

D．

Sweetmeats are sweet meat while sweetbreads are not sweet at all．

(4)

We can learn that the author of this passage ________．

[　　]

A．

is interested in the structure of the English language

B．

takes the paradoxes in English for granted and never pays any attention to them

C．

does not know what a humanitarian eats

D．

wonders why overlook and oversee do not mean the same

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：導(dǎo)學(xué)大課堂必修三英語(yǔ)北師版 北師版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　There are three kinds of goals：shortterm, mediumrange and longterm goals．Shortterm goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis．Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly months．It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our longterm goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid shortterm．Upon completing our shortterm goals, we should date the occasion and then add new shortterm goals that will build on those that have been completed．

　　The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the shortterm goals．They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years．Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed．As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed．And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase．

　　Longterm goals may be related to our dreams of the future．They might cover five years or more．Life is not a static thing．We should never allow a longterm goal to limit us or our course of action．

(1)

Longterm goals mean a lot ________．

[　　]

A．

if we want to complete our short term goals

B．

if we cannot reach solid shortterm goals

C．

if we write down the dates

D．

if we put forward some plans

(2)

New short term goals are built upon ________．

[　　]

A．

two years

B．

longterm goals

C．

current activities

D．

the goals that have been completed

(3)

When we complete each step of our goal, ________．

[　　]

A．

we will win final success

B．

we are overwhelmed

C．

we should build up confidence of success

D．

we have strong desire for setting new goals

(4)

Once our goals are drawn up, ________．

[　　]

A．

we should stick to them until we complete them

B．

we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities

C．

we’d better wait for the exciting news of success

D．

we have made great decisions

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：學(xué)習(xí)高手必修二英語(yǔ)北師版 北師版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”－physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used－that a culture produces．Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life．Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture．The most vivid body of “things”in it, of course, are musical instruments．We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we depend on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote(faraway in time)past and their development．

　　Here we have two kinds of evidence：instruments well-kept and instruments pictured in art．Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern effect to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra．

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture．Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows each other’s influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America．Printed versions limit variety because they are likely to standardize any song, yet they encourage and force people to make new and different songs．Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole．

　　One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out：the effect of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments．This is all part of the “information revolution”, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth．These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the world．

(1)

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________．

[　　]

A．

it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．

it can express the development of the nation

C．

it helps understand the nation’s past and present

D．

it can present the nation’s civilization(文明)

(2)

It can be learned from this passage that ________．

[　　]

A．

the existence of the symphony was regarded as a thing caused by the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music

B．

Near Eastern music had an effect on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra

C．

the development of the symphony shows the effect of Eastern and Western music between each other

D．

the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra was developed on the basis of Near Eastern music

(3)

According to the author, music notation(樂(lè)譜)is important because ________．

[　　]

A．

it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it

B．

it is likely to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians

C．

it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D．

it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

(4)

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers．

B．

Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded．

C．

Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets．

D．

The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material world．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：必修一導(dǎo)練英語(yǔ)外研版 外研版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Many things about language are a mystery(謎), and many will always remain so．But some things we do know．

　　First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race(種族)of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language．

　　Second, there is no such thing as a primitive(原始的)language．There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized(不開(kāi)化的，落后的), but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．

　　This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense(胡說(shuō)，沒(méi)有根據(jù)的話)．There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old．They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．

　　A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．

　　Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive(廣泛的)and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．

(1)

In the second paragraph the author thinks that ________．

[　　]

A．

some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own

B．

some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own

C．

any human race, whether backward or not, has a language

D．

some races on earth call communicate without language

(2)

According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have ________ languages．

[　　]

A．

complicated

B．

uncivilized

C．

primitive

D．

well-known

(3)

The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are ________．

[　　]

A．

just as old as some well-known languages

B．

just as sophisticated as some well-known languages

C．

more developed than some well-known languages

D．

more complex than some well-known languages

(4)

Which of the following statements is wrong?

[　　]

A．

A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．

B．

All languages can well express their respective cultures．

C．

American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．

D．

Some languages are better than other languages．

(5)

According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in ________．

[　　]

A．

grammar

B．

pronunciation

C．

vocabulary

D．

intonation

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