【題目】短文改錯(cuò)

Today our class go to climb a mountain. This morning we set off to a mountain by buses. At about nine o’clock we arrived at the foot of the mountain and with the guidance of our teacher, he started climbing. Because at the half of the mountain some of us got tired, we all were very excited. When we got to the top, we cheered excitedly. Seeing from the top of it, the view is wonderful. Unfortunately, when we began to go down the mountain, we were catching in a storm. We shared umbrellas and raincoats each other and walked more cautious. At last we all reached the parking lot safely and got on the bus heading back to home.

【答案】

【1】go→went

【2】a→the

【3】buses→bus

【4】he→we

【5】Because→Although/Though

【6】Seeing→Seen

【7】catching→caught

【8】在each前面加with

【9】cautious→cautiously

【10】去掉back后面的to

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹作者爬山的經(jīng)歷。

【1】go→went 根據(jù)后面后文可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故把go改為went。

【2】a→the 此處特指前面提到的“山”，故把a改為the。

【3】buses→bus by bus乘坐公共汽車，是固定短語(yǔ)，故把buses改為bus。

【4】he→we 句意：在老師的引導(dǎo)下，我們開始爬山。故把he改為we。

【5】Because→Although/Though 句意：盡管爬到山的一半我們就累了，但我們都很興奮。兩句是讓步關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系，故把Because改為Although/Though。

【6】Seeing→Seen 句子的主語(yǔ)是the view，它和See之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“被看”，故把Seeing改為Seen。

【7】catching→caught 句意：我們趕上了風(fēng)暴。也就是被風(fēng)暴“抓住”，故把catching改為caught。

【8】在each前面加with 固定搭配：share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物，故在each前面加with。

【9】cautious→cautiously 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故把cautious改為cautiously。

【10】去掉back后面的to 在這里home是副詞，本身就是“到家，在家，回家”的意思，故去掉back后面的to。

【知識(shí)拓展】

短文改錯(cuò)口訣：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)；注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別；習(xí)慣用法要記住；句子成分多分析；邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。

一、動(dòng)詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：

My favorite sport are football. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。

二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。

例如： …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三、區(qū)分形和副：即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的�？键c(diǎn)。

例如 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。

四、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別： 這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：

Now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。

五、習(xí)慣用法要記住：主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的�？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。 例如：

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。

例如： They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受害于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。

七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注

與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。

例如： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。

除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，�？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。

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