— Excuse me. I want to buy some stamps, but I can’t find a post office.
— I know ______ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.

A．oneB．itC．thatD．a(chǎn)ny

A

解析試題分析：句意：--請(qǐng)問，我想買一些郵票，但是我找不著郵局。--我知道附近有一個(gè)，跟我來，我領(lǐng)著你去it／one ／that三者均可用作代詞, 指代前面提到的名詞。一般說來, it指代同名同物; one與that則指代同名異物。
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （該句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在該句中表泛指, 因?yàn)閙y umbrella已經(jīng)丟了）
one與that雖可用來指代同名異物, 但one為泛指, 相當(dāng)于a／an＋名詞; that為特指, 相當(dāng)于the ＋名詞。所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)一般為 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)往往是the ／this ／that。
one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù), 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones; that既可以代替不可數(shù)名詞也可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù), 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 those。
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)people）
one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有時(shí)可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
one一般有前置修飾語(yǔ), 有時(shí)也可有后置修飾語(yǔ)或不用修飾語(yǔ)。而 that不能有前置修飾語(yǔ), 但可有后置修飾語(yǔ)。
it可以替代句中的不定式或從句等, 充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。one與that均無(wú)此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
it與that均可以替代上文全句的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容, 而one ／ones則不可以。
考點(diǎn)：考查代詞的用法。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本題難度適中。代詞在近幾年的高考中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，不僅在單選里，還出現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。需要考生平時(shí)牢記它們的用法。
即學(xué)即練：The umbrella you bought is cheaper than _____ I bought.
A. one            B. it             C. that            D. any
解析：C。替代詞that在該句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以區(qū)別“the umbrella you bought”.

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