Question

【題目】短文改錯(cuò)

假如英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào) (^)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃—橫線，并在該下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

As is well know, when senior students graduate from school, most of their textbooks are thrown away, that are still in good condition. What waste of it ! I quite agree to the suggestion that we should recycle these textbooks. For one thing, recycling textbooks can save a lot of nature materials, which are used to making textbooks. For other, senior students may have plenty of useful notes on the pages. They are very helpful to those textbooks users. However , the cost of the books will unload some burden of the families of the students. Actually in Australia and some other countries, recycling textbooks are popular and that it gives us a good example. Why can’t they have a try?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】know--known

【2】that--which

【3】waste---a waste

【4】nature--natural

【5】making---make

【6】other--another

【7】However—Besides/Moreover

【8】are--is

【9】that it--it

【10】they--we

【解析】

試題分析：

【1】know—known 考察動(dòng)詞過去分詞。此處為句型as is known :總所周知，故用known。

【2】that—which 考察關(guān)系詞。該句為非限制性定語從句，修飾補(bǔ)充前面整個(gè)主句，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，故用which。

【3】waste---a waste 考察冠詞。此處為固定短語a waste of：浪費(fèi)，故用a。

【4】nature—natural 考察形容詞。修飾名詞materials用形容詞，故用natural。

【5】making---make 考察非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處be used to 意思為：被用來做，故后接不定式，故用make。Be used to doing：習(xí)慣做。

【6】other—another 考察代詞。此處為結(jié)構(gòu)for one thing，for another：一方面，另一方面，故用another。

【7】However—Besides/Moreover 考察副詞。根據(jù)語境可知，前后文的邏輯關(guān)系屬于并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用besides或者moreover。

【8】are—is 考察be動(dòng)詞。該句主語為recycling textbooks，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)is。

【9】that it—it 考察連詞。此處為并列句，兩個(gè)句子相對(duì)獨(dú)立，故去掉that。

【10】they—we 考察代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，本文介紹教材的回收再利用，因此呼吁我們應(yīng)該這么做，故用we。

【名師點(diǎn)撥】

關(guān)系代詞as與which的用法區(qū)別

(1) as 和which都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，放在主句之后；在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)從句的主語、賓語或表語。如：

Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 湯姆找到了一件好工作，這正是我們大家所希望的。

(2) as 和which都可代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容或主句中的某一成分。如：

His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母親病了，這件事情使他很難過。

He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy. 他進(jìn)步了，這使得我們很高興。

以上兩句中的as / which都指前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。

Though he has lots of money, he still rides his old bike, which was bought ten years ago. 盡管他很有錢，但是他還騎著他的舊單車，這單車是十年前買的。

There you can meet many writers as you have ever read in books. 在那里，你可見到你在書中所讀過的很多作家。

■as與which的區(qū)別

(1) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same等詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。如：

She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是個(gè)我們大家都喜歡的如此好的女孩。

It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. 它是本我們大家都想讀的有趣的書。

上面兩句中的as就不能用which替換。

(2) as 在從句中常作賓語；作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常為系動(dòng)詞，即：系表結(jié)構(gòu)或被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按時(shí)到了。

As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所說，他征服了困難。

(3) 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放到主句的前面時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。如：

As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如計(jì)劃，我們?cè)侔训昵暗竭_(dá)了那兒。

(4) As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指表示積極的意義，與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系，絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語從句表示一種消極的意義，則只用which。如：

He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事業(yè)中成功了，這正是我們大家所希望的。

Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，這使得她很悲傷。

(5) 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：

He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. 他有一臺(tái)新電腦，這臺(tái)電腦花了他將近一萬元。

(6) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如：賓+補(bǔ)；不定式短語；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語等) 時(shí)，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。如：

She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。她告訴我們說她的單車出了毛病，這話是真的。

He asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 他請(qǐng)她教他學(xué)英語，她的確幫了。

(7) 關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中的謂語部分時(shí)，從句中謂語部分被省略而只保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式或助動(dòng)詞否定式，引導(dǎo)詞一般只用which, 而不用as。如：

He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t. 他的英語說得非常流利，這我可不行。

(8) 關(guān)系代詞作定語修飾后面的名詞時(shí)，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：

He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with. 他提議去河里游泳，我們就同意了他的想法。

(9) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中單個(gè)的名詞時(shí)，一般只用which, 而不用as。如：

He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 他給寄來了一件精美的禮物，我對(duì)它非常珍視。

(10) as 在非限制性定語從句中，還常跟such連用。如：

There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children. 老師眼里流露出對(duì)他喜愛的神情，就好像母親對(duì)孩子的喜愛。

(11) as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

as is well known / as we all know 眾所周知； as is said above 正如上面所說；

as might be imagined 正像所想象的那樣； as is reported 如報(bào)道所說；

as has been pointed 如所指出的那樣； as is expected 正如所料。