【題目】 We tend to think of our dreams as being uniquely personal—nighttime stories built from our own experiences that help us process our day-to-day lives. While dreams can give us a look into our personal selves, scientists have collected data that suggests dreams make their way into our cultural fabric（結(jié)構(gòu)）, showing themselves in ways that shape beliefs and expose collective anxieties.

Roger Ivar Lohmann of Trent University conducted research with the Asabano people of the rainforest of Papua New Guinea, a unique group who didn’ t have outside contact until 1963. His studies looked at how dreams shape their beliefs and actions.

According to Lohmann’ s research, dreams act as a sort of motivator or determinant of Asabano behavior. For instance, a dream may affect the way a person hunts or goes about treating medical conditions. The way dreams determine behavior is due to what Lohmann calls the “night residue” effect. This means that specific memories of dreams can affect the way a person acts when awake and inform their belief system.

Dreams also seem to have an effect on the way many define themselves within their own cultures, and how sometimes reaching a distinct definition can cause anxiety.

Matt Newsom of Washington State University spoke with college students in Berlin, and found many students had dreams surrounding conflicting views about their own identities（身份） in relation to what they saw as a return of German nationalism, which is a sensitive subject especially when we think of German identity as it’ s defined even many years after World War Ⅱ.

Many students had dreams that centered around anxieties like “Where do I belong?” Many students never talked with one another about identity struggles in their dreams, yet many reported having such dreams. Newsom noted that dreams can be helpful “for identifying （識(shí)別） unspoken social and historical anxieties present in a given society.”

All of this research suggests that dreams can do more than help explain the thought of a person; we can learn about entire cultures and collective attitudes as well.

【1】What is the purpose of Lohmann’ s research?

A. To prove dreams can show personal selves.

B. To explore Asabano people’ s inside anxiety.

C. To find out the effect of dreams on beliefs and actions.

D. To learn about Asabano people’ s culture and tradition.

【2】What troubles German college students?

A. Confusion about their identities.

B. Terrible dreams about World War Ⅱ.

C. Anxieties of talking about their dreams.

D. Conflicting views about German nationalism.

【3】Which of the following is Newsom’s view about dreams?

A. They can predict a person’s future.B. They can expose people’ s anxieties.

C. They can inspire people’s creativity.D. They are the products of human society.

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Dreams promote cultural progress.

B. Dreams can go into cultural fabric.

C. Dreams reflect people’s cultural background.

D. People’ s daily dreams are based on culture.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夢(mèng)不僅能夠反映人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械乃妓?jiàn)，而且還能夠進(jìn)入我們的文化，影響人們的行為、暴露社會(huì)群體的焦慮。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句可知，Lohmann研究的目的是了解夢(mèng)是如何影響人們的信念和行為的，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五、六段內(nèi)容可知，德國(guó)大學(xué)生的內(nèi)心存在一種對(duì)自己身份認(rèn)知的困惑和焦慮，故選A。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段末句可知，Newsom認(rèn)為夢(mèng)在識(shí)別社會(huì)群體焦慮方面是有幫助的，換句話說(shuō)，夢(mèng)能夠暴露人們的內(nèi)心焦慮，故選B。

【4】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)可以進(jìn)人我們的文化結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠影響人們的行為并展示社會(huì)集體的焦慮，故選B。

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】Plenty of exercise improves the academic performance (學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)) of teenagers, according to new research.

The study, of about 5,000 children, found links between exercise and exam success in English, maths and science. It found an increase in performance for every extra 17 minutes exercise for boys, and 12 minutes for girls.

The study by the University of Strathclyde and the University of Dundee found physical activity particularly benefited girls’ performance in science. The authors said this could be a chance to find or reflect gender differences in the impact (影響) of physical activity on the brain.

Most of the teenagers’ exercise levels were found to be well below the recommended 60 minutes a day. The authors wondered what might happen to academic performance if children got the recommended amount.

They claimed that since every 15 minutes of exercise improved performance by an average of about a quarter of a grade, it was possible for children who carried out 60 minutes of exercise every day to improve their academic performance by a full letter grade — for example, from a C to a B, or a B to an A.

However, the authors admitted this was speculation given that very few children did this amount of exercise.

Dr. Josie Booth, one of the leaders of the study, from the University of Dundee said, “Physical activity is more than just important for your physical health. There are other benefits and those are something that should be especially important to parents, policymakers and people involved in education.”

The authors of the study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, said further research backing the findings could have implications for public health and education policy.

【1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The relationship between exercise and gender.

B. The relationship between exercise and academic performance.

C. The relationship between exercise and brain activity.

D. The relationship between exercise and health condition.

【2】The underlined word “speculation” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ”.

A. guess B. contribution

C. advice D. conclusion

【3】What can we learn from what Dr. Josie Booth said?

A. Physical activity leads to good health.

B. Physical activity offers a lot of benefits.

C. Students should spend more time on exercise.

D. Physical exercise should be introduced to schools.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】 Naturalist John Muir called the Marin County woods named for him “the best tree-lover's monument that could possibly be found in all the forests of the world.”

Located only 11 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge near San Francisco, California, USA. Muir Woods puts some of nature's most huge creations within reach of little feet, hands, and imaginations.

“Muir Woods is home to a small forest of redwood trees that reach to the sky,” says David Shaw of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. “Redwoods grow taller than any other tree species in the world. The average age of the redwoods here ranges from 400 to 800 years old and many ancient specimens have been around for more than a thousand years.”

William Kent, the man who donated the 295 acres to create the Muir monument, grew up in Marin and played in similar redwood forests. That childhood experience inspired him to save the redwoods as an adult.

“Young people can learn about young William Kent when they visit here，” says ranger(護(hù)林員) Timothy Jordan. “Kent’s early connection with nature developed his love of the outdoors. As an adult, he witnessed the destruction of many Bay Area redwood forests. This, with the writings of John Muir, inspired Kent's conservationism.”

Walking (and playing)in, on, and around the redwoods will help kids understand why young Kent was so fascinated(深深吸引) by the trees. Ranger Jordan encourages children to lie down and look up at the treetops, hug a redwood tree, and start a nature journal like John Muir.

“Have kids find a redwood spray(小樹(shù)枝)the same age as them, count the rings in trees, and sit inside of a hollow redwood tree on Fern Creek.” he advises.

After all the interaction, the kids just may be ready to rest. Take this time to “be quiet and listen to the sounds of the forest,” says Shaw. "Encourage kids to think about how these trees have stood quietly through year after year of rain, sun, and sometimes even snow.”

【1】What do we know about Muir Woods from Shaw's words?

A. It is America s largest redwood forest.

B. It has redwoods of a very great age.

C. It receives child visitors only.

D. It is home to many rare trees.

【2】Which was one of the reasons that Kent wanted to protect the redwoods?

A. He had an unusual adult life.

B. The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed.

C. He was inspired by the works of John Muir.

D. The redwood forests attracted a lot of young people.

【3】What are children advised to do when taking a break in the forest?

A. Experience Muir Woods silently.

B. Look for special redwood sprays.

C. Sit inside of a hollow redwood tree.

D. Write a nature journal like John Muir.

【4】What is the purpose of the text?

A. To remember a famous naturalist.

B. To discuss the protection of forests.

C. To share knowledge about redwoods.

D. To introduce a famous redwood forest.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】Today, I made the time to listen to a person new to me, who I met was parking my car, “Perfect”, he said as he walked by me as I checked how considerately I parked. He was a clean cut gentleman sharing his feelings about his grown kids, parenting mistakes he is aware of, while expressing a realization to slay clear of destructive addictions.

I listened patiently and kindly. He seemed quite comfortable with me, in need of some treatment letting go of his thoughts and emotions. After talking for a while, I had to go inside, and I asked him to wait on the sidewalk and I’d be right back with some gifts for him. He was so receptive ail along, and I could feel the desires of his heart. I returned to him with bookmarks. I encouraged him, also, with a couple of inspirational thoughts to live by: To focus on what you want — how you want to feel and how you want to live and experience life.

This experience is a good thing to me, meeting this gentleman as I am experiencing the challenges of trying to be a positive encouragement to my daughter Angel in fighting her illness. I know Angel has the desire too, although in a different way and at a different level in her growth.

I’ve received little to no reaction from Angel about the positive encouragement of the family. On the other hand, this gentleman paid attention. Some of this, of course, is the big age difference, I imagine. Anyhow, I extended myself in friendship to have a walk and talk with my daughter early tomorrow morning, so as to be a curing support, and it feels good for me, too — although far outside my usual comfort zone.

【1】What did the author react to the man’s talk?

A. She showed great pity to him. B. She chatted with him warmly.

C. She left him to go shopping. D. She tried to be a good listener.

【2】Which of the following matches the author’s advice to the man?

A. Follow your own will to live. B. Do your best to change your life.

C. Live a meaningful life of your own. D. Gather your bravery to pull through.

【3】What did the man and the author’s daughter have in common?

A. They had unique characters. B. They accepted advice easily.

C. They faced personal problems. D. They were strong-will persons.

【4】What would the author do the next day?

A. Get in touch with the man. B. Take her daughter to hospital.

C. Communicate with her daughter. D. Tell her daughter to learn from the man.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】Albert Hofmann was a Swiss scientist who was fascinated by nature. This led him to a career in chemistry in which he sought answers to his uncertainties. He worked at Sandoz Laboratories where he nurtured his research work, and there he made a lot of success by working with various plants and changing them into something useful. He became famous when he became the first person to produce lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)( 迷幻藥). In addition, he was also the first person to taste it and learn about its hallucinogenic(引起幻覺(jué)的)effects. He was deeply connected to nature and argued that LSD, besides being useful for psychiatry (精神病學(xué)), could also be used to promote awareness of mankind’s place in nature. However, he was disappointed that his discovery was being carelessly used as a drug for entertainment. Because of his discovery, LSD fans have fondly called him “the Father of LSD”. Besides carrying out his scientific experiments, he also authored numerous books and more than 100 scientific articles. In 2007, he featured in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses, published by The Telegraph Newspaper.

Childhood & Early life

Albert Hofmann was born in Baden, Switzerland, on January 11, 1906. He was the eldest of four children. His father was a poor toolmaker in a factory and they lived in a rented apartment. He spent much of his childhood outdoors and grew up with a deep connection with nature.

He had mind-blowing experiences in childhood. During his growth, nature was changed in magical ways that he didn’t understand. These experiences caused questions in his mind, and chemistry was the scientific field which allowed him to understand them.

He studied chemistry at Zurich University, and his main interest was the chemistry of plants and animals. At 23, he earned his PhD with honors.

【1】What led Albert Hofmann to a career in chemistry?

A. His fans.

B. His father.

C. His family.

D. His interest.

【2】From the passage, we know .

A. LSD was being wrongly used

B. LSD was not useful for psychiatry

C. this discovery of LSD made Albert Hofmann surprised

D. this discovery of LSD could change mankind’s place in nature

【3】Which can be inferred about Albert Hofmann from the passage?

A. He has four brothers or sisters.

B. He has found many useful plants.

C. He earned his PhD in 1929.

D. He only concentrated on scientific experiments.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

Dear Li Hua,

I’m sorry to hear that you’ve been ill for days. How are you feeling now?

I know that you are devoting all your energy from study. But I just want to say exercises is as important as study. Do exercise will not waste your time. Instead, it can refresh your mind. After one and two hours’ exercise, you can study more effective. Only when you have the strong body can we keep on studying without feeling uncomfortable. However your study will be affected by your health.

I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise each day before you recover from your illness. I wish you will be well soon.

Yours sincerely,

John

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。

【1】In the earthquake ___________ areas, people suffered great financial losses . (strike)

【2】Always bear in mind that your own resolution to ___________ is more important than anything. (succeed)

【3】The ceremony is a ____________ from pre-Christian times. (survive)

【4】It seems that living green is __________ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. (surprise)

【5】Five _________ will each receive a signed copy of the album. (win)

【6】In traditional Chinese culture , ___________ decision were often made by parents for their children. (marry)

【7】We should know our own strengths and ____________ and think what could be done about them . (weak)

【8】His brother ___________ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. (threat)

【9】There is a wide ____________ of patterns to choose from. (vary)

【10】First aid is a very important step in the ______________ of burns. (treat)

【11】The __________ in weather delayed our journey to Europe. (certain)

【12】Teaching in the village left him a/an ________ experience. (forget)

【13】Although skills and talents bring great achievements , the most ________ thing one can hold is the heart. (value)

【14】Walking in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the _________ of spring. (warm)

【15】We __________the benefits of the plan against the risks involved again and again . (weight)

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The impact of smoke screen on adolescents

The study began by recruiting over 2,600 US school children aged 10 to 14 who had never smoked. Each child was then asked if they had watched any of 50 movies randomly 【1】(select) from 601 box office hits. The number of occurrences of smoking in each film was recorded.

When followed up one to two years later, 10 percent of the children had tried 【2】(smoke). The children in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were 2.7 times more likely to have tried a cigarette than 【3】 in the lowest quarter of exposure. This effect was independent of other factors that might influence the child’s smoking behavior, such as friends or family smoking.

“If provides more evidence 【4】 movies have a strong impact on adolescents,” says Dalton, an expert in cancer risk behavior in children. “Previous studies suggested that smoking in movies 【5】(influence) adolescent smoking behavior, but this is the first study to show that viewing smoking in movies predicts 【6】will start smoking in the future.”

Dalton says a previous study by the team showed that children were more likely to smoke 【7】 their favorite actor smoked. “We know from past studies it’s very rare for smoking to be portrayed in a negative light. Smokers in movies tend to be tough guys or sexy, rebellious women, which appeals to adolescents,” she told New Scientist.

Movies which depict smoking 【8】 be given an adult rating or “R rating” in the US, suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under 17 could not see the film 【9】 a parent. An R rating for smoking in movies would prevent about 330 adolescents in the US from starting to smoke and ultimately 【10】(extend) 170 lives every day,” he writes.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：

【題目】Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”

The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies. Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.

Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

【1】What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Exercise makes people strong.

B. How one can get good scores in a test.

C. Exercise can help the brain develop.

D. Brain can change one’s memory.

【2】Why is yoga suggested for the old?

A. Because it does good to the joints of old people.

B. Because it does not increase the heart rate.

C. Because it can help learn new actions.

D. Because it can be done in groups.

【3】For most people, the smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is _____.

A. two hours per week B. 40 hours per week

C. three hours per day D. 40 hours per month

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案