WASHINGTON---Think you’re savvy about food safety? That you wash your hands well, scrub away germs, cook your meat properly?
Guess again.
Scientists put cameras in the kitchens of 100 families in Logan, Utah. What was caught on tape in this middle-class, well-educated college town suggests why food poisoning hits so many Americans.
People skipped soap when hand-washing. Used the same towel to wipe up raw meat juice as to dry their hands. Made a salad without washing the lettuce. Undercooked the meat loaf. One even tasted the marinade in which bacteria-ridden raw fish had soaked.
Not to mention the mom who handled raw chicken and then fixed her infant a bottle without washing her hands.
Or another mom who merely rinsed(沖洗) her baby’s juice bottle after it fell into raw eggs---no soap against the salmonella(沙門氏菌) that can lurk(潛伏) in eggs.
“Shocking,” was Utah State University nutritionist Janet Anderson’s reaction.
Specialists call this typical of the average U.S. household: Everybody commits at least some safety sins(罪惡) when they are hurried, distracted by fussy children or ringing phones, simply not thinking about germs. Even Anderson made changes in her kitchen after watching the tapes.
The Food and Drug Administration funded Anderson’s $50,000 study to detect how cooks slip up. The goal is to improve consumers’ knowledge of how to protect themselves from the food poisoning that strikes 76 million Americans each year.
“One of the great barriers in getting people to change is they think they’re doing such a good job already,” said FDA consumer research chief Alan Levy.
Surveys show most Americans blame restaurants for food-borne illnesses. Asked if they follow basic bacteria-fighting tips---listed on the Internet at www.fightbac.org---most insist they’re careful in their kitchens.
Levy says most food poisonings probably occur at home. The videotapes suggest why. People have no idea that they’re messing up, Anderson said. “You just go in the kitchen, and it’s something you don’t think about.”
She described preliminary(初步的) study results at a food meeting last week. Having promised the families anonymity, she didn’t show the tapes.
For $50 and free groceries, families agreed to be filmed. Their kitchens looked clean and presumably(perhaps) they were on their best behavior, but they didn’t know it was a safety study. Hoping to see real-life hygiene, scientists called the experiment “market research” on how people cooked a special recipe.
Scientists bought ingredients for a salad plus either Mexican meat loaf, marinaded halibut or herb-breaded chicken breasts with mustard sauce---recipes designed to catch safety slip-ups.
Cameras started rolling as the cooks put away the groceries.
There was mistake No. 1: Only a quarter stored raw meat and seafood on the refrigerator’s bottom shelf so other foods don’t get contaminated(污染) by dripping juices.
Mistake No. 2: Before starting to cook, only 45 percent washed their hands. Of those, 16 percent didn’t use soap. You’re supposed to wash hands often while cooking, especially after handling raw meat. But on average, each cook skipped seven times that Anderson said they should have washed. Only a third consistently used soap---many just rinsed and wiped their hands on a dish towel. That dish towel became Anderson’s nightmare. Using paper towels to clean up raw meat juice is safest. But dozens wiped the countertop(臺面板) with that cloth dish towel---further spreading germs the next time they dried their hands.
Thirty percent didn’t wash the lettuce; others placed salad ingredients on meat-contaminated counters.
Scientists checked the finished meal with thermometers, and Anderson found “alarming” results: 35 percent who made the meat loaf undercooked it, 42 percent undercooked the chicken and 17 percent undercooked the fish.
Must you use a thermometer? Anderson says just because the meat isn’t pink doesn’t always mean it got hot enough to kill bacteria.
Anderson’s study found gaps in food-safety campaigns. FDA’s “Fight Bac” antibacterial program doesn’t stress washing vegetables. Levy calls those dirty dish towels troubling; expect more advice stressing paper towels.
Anderson’s main message: “If people would simply wash their hands and clean food surfaces after handling raw meat, so many of the errors would be taken care of.”
【小題1】Where did this article most likely come from?
A.The Internet. | B.A newspaper. | C.A Textbook. | D.A brochure. |
A.To present the author’s opinion about the study. |
B.To explain how the study was conducted. |
C.To state the reason for the food safety study. |
D.To describe things observed in the study. |
A.They don’t trust the Food and Drug Administration. |
B.They’ve followed basic bacteria-fighting tips on the Internet. |
C.They think they are being careful enough already. |
D.They believe they are well-informed and well-educated enough. |
A.Washing hands and cleaning surfaces after handling raw meat. |
B.Strictly following recipes and cooking meat long enough. |
C.Storing raw meat on the bottom shelf in the refrigerator. |
D.Using paper towels t clean up raw meat juice. |
A.To discourage people from cooking so much meat at home. |
B.To criticize the families who participated in the study. |
C.To introduce the Food and Drug Administration’s food safety campaigns. |
D.To report the results of a study about the causes of food poisoning. |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
【小題5】D
解析試題分析:本文是一篇新聞報告,講述了食物安全調(diào)查中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情。
【小題1】 B。推理題。從文章開頭的WASHINGTON---可知這是一篇新聞報答,一般情況下新聞類題目都會有這樣的標(biāo)志,說明這邊新聞是從何地發(fā)出的。故B正確。
【小題2】 D。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段可知,段落4至6中的Not to mention the mom who handled raw chicken and then fixed her infant a bottle without washing her hands.
Or another mom who merely rinsed(沖洗) her baby’s juice bottle after it fell into raw eggs---no soap against the salmonella(沙門氏菌) that can lurk(潛伏) in eggs.
可知是在描述該研究過程中觀察到的不良衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。
【小題3】 C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第10和11段Surveys show most Americans blame restaurants for food-borne illnesses. Asked if they follow basic bacteria-fighting tips---listed on the Internet at www.fightbac.org---most insist they’re careful in their kitchens.和Levy says most food poisonings probably occur at home. The videotapes suggest why. People have no idea that they’re messing up, Anderson said. “You just go in the kitchen, and it’s something you don’t think about.”可知題目認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)足夠細(xì)心了。
【小題4】 A細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章最后一段Anderson’s main message: “If people would simply wash their hands and clean food surfaces after handling raw meat, so many of the errors would be taken care of.”可知A項內(nèi)容正確。
【小題5】D。主旨大意題。整篇文章都在講食物安全調(diào)查中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情,故D正確。。
考點:考查新聞類短文閱讀
點評:本文是一篇新聞報告,講述了食物安全調(diào)查中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情。本文以細(xì)節(jié)題的考查為主,細(xì)節(jié)題是針對文中某個細(xì)節(jié)、某句話或某部分具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置問題,正確答案的根據(jù)一定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改寫往往成為正確選項。通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項有以下特征:對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞,成為正確選項。詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,或者改變原文句子的語態(tài),給考生制造障礙。語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化,成為正確答案。正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010-2011學(xué)年廣東高州長坡中學(xué)高三第6周抽考英語卷 題型:完型填空
完形填空(共20小題:每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
For Senior 3 students, choosing which college to attend can be the most exciting and thrilling time in their entire school lives. This is also true for an American girl 21 Melanie.
Melanie’s dad, James Porter, who is the chief of police for a Chicago suburb, wants Melanie to 22 nearby Northwestern University, where she’s 23 been accepted. But Melanie, 17,really wants to go to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C, where she’s been wait-listed.
When she gets an unexpected 24 from Georgetown University, she decides to 25 a road trip with a few 26 female friends. Melanie believes it is her first step 27 adulthood.
But 28 the fact that this trip is “girls only”, James isn’t 29 with the prospect(期望) of his little princess 30 the world without him. He wants to protect her, so he joins the girls and hopes he can convince Melanie to go to Northwestern. 31 Melanie’s father only has the best of 32 , his presence 33 an endless series of comic encounters(遭遇).
After following their faulty device 34 into the backwoods (偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)), James and Melanie 35 Melanie’s little brother and his pet pig have been hiding in the spare compartment (隔間). What should be a simple change 36 the expensive car rolling down a mountain, forcing them to hike to a nearby hotel…
All these disasters add spice to their trip while along the way a father and a daughter 37 get the chance to really 38 each other.
All parents, 39 they have college students or not, can relate to the bittersweet realization that their kids are growing up. 40 what Melanie and James have done, we all can find the delicate (脆弱的) balance between staying connected and letting go.
1.A.named B.naming C.namely D.names
2.A.join B.send C.a(chǎn)ttend D.pass
3.A.still B.a(chǎn)lways C.yet D.a(chǎn)lready
4.A.a(chǎn)ppointment B.interview C.visit D.meeting
5.A.provide B.offer C.take D.hold
6.A.closing B.close C.closed D.closely
7.A.toward B.for C.during D.with
8.A.though B.in spite C.once D.despite
9.A.satisfying B.successful C.comfortable D.meaningful
10.A.seeking B.examining C.searching D.exploring
11.A.Since B.Because C.While D.When
12.A.intentions B.a(chǎn)ttempts C.efforts D.planning
13.A.comes about B.leads to C.calls in D.turns out
14.A.lately B.late C.deeply D.deep
15.A.discover B.invent C.recognize D.realize
16.A.succeeds in B.brings in C.results from D.certainly
17.A.hopefully B.finally C.firstly D.certainly
18.A.a(chǎn)gree to B.speak to C.talk to D.turn to
19.A.whether B.if C.what D.why
20.A.As B.Like C.For D.Except
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010-2011學(xué)年北京市高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語題 題型:完型填空
Shirley Allen loved to sing and play the piano. She studied music in college and her 36 was to become a concert pianist or blues singer.
Everything 37 when she was 20 years old. She became sick with what doctors 38 was typhoid fever(傷寒)and she almost died. Doctors gave her medicine to help her get well, but the medicine 39 her to become 40 deaf. She could no longer hear the music which she had always 41.
Shirley would never give up playing the piano, 42 she did decide to change 43 . She transferred to Gallaudet University and studied English. In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for 44 . She wanted to be 45 and work full-time.
For three years, Shirley worked as a clerk in Washington, D.C. 46 , in 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor (宿舍監(jiān)管員). Shirley supervised young women who 47 in the university during the school year. She also taught English. Somehow she found time to 48 graduate school at Howard University in Washington, D.C. In 1972, Shirley received her M.A. degree.
Always 49 a new challenge, in 1973 Shirley became a professor at National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID),which 50 deaf and hard-of-hearing students technical and professional training.
This 51 woman became the first black deaf female in the world to receive her Ph.D. She made 52 in 1992, 53 she received the highest degree in education from the University of Rochester in New York.
Dr. Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and 54 many rainbows searching for her dream. With courage and 55, she never gave up.
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010-2011學(xué)年上海市高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語卷 題型:閱讀理解
Events Calendar
TUESDAY
Landscape Pests (害蟲)
Learn to identify, control and prevent seasonal landscape-disease and landscape-pest problems at the workshop, 3:30 pm. – 5 pm. Tuesday at the US National Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington. $15; registration required.
202-245-4521 or www.usna.usda.gov.
THROUGH AUGUST 3
Horticultural(園藝的) Art
Watercolors, pen-and-ink drawings and colored-pencil pieces by the Brookside Gardens School of Botanical (植物學(xué)的) Art and Illustration will be on display at the exhibit Botanic 2007: The Art and Science of Plants at Brookside Gardens Visitors Center, 1800 Glenallan Ave, Wheaton, through Aug. 3. Free. 301-962-1400 or www.brooksidegardens.org.
THROUGH SEPTEMBER 9
Botanical Art
Visit Patterns in Nature, an exhibit by Amy Lamb featuring photographs of flowers, leaves and other botanical life, at the US Botanic Garden Conservatory (溫室),West Orangerie, 100 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, through Sept. 9. The conservatory is open 10 am. – 5 pm. Daily. Free. 202-225-8333.
THROUGH OCTOBER 8
Botanic Garden Exhibit
Celebrating America’s Public Gardens is on view through Oct. 8 at the US Botanic Garden, 100 Maryland Ave SW, Washington. The exhibit, on the Conservatory Terrace and in the National Garden, features displays of 20 public botanic gardens across the country. Hours are 10 am. – 5 pm. Daily. Free. 202-200-8956.
1.If you want to record your name for an event in advance, you may call _____.
A.202-225-8333 |
B.202-245-4521 |
C.301-962-1400 |
D.202-200-8956 |
2. If you go to Botanic Garden Exhibit, you _____.
A.can enjoy drawings and coloured-pencil pieces |
B.can learn how to kill pests living on the plants |
C.can find displays of 20 botanic gardens across the country |
D.will enjoy the photographs of flowers and leaves |
3. From the advertisement, we learn _____.
A.the first event is about growing healthy plants |
B.a(chǎn)ll of the events are free of charge |
C.there is no time limit to all the events |
D.you can find the information of all the events either by phone or by e-mail |
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The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States. It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle.
Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, and he was curious about the company. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did , and he liked what he saw. He wanted to become part of the company. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing.
In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The unique atmosphere of the espresso(濃咖啡) bars there caught his eye. To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places: home, work , and coffee bars . His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle.
Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores---and that was only the beginning. As a matter of fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day!
Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries. One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United Stateds is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants. By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gains an understanding of customers in the city. This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers.
1.What is the main topic of the reading?
A. how Starbucks has grown B. Starbucks’ customers
C. what Starbucks makes D. how Starbucks makes its coffee
2.Which is true about Starbucks’ first ten years of business?
A. It grew very quickly B. It was run by Howard Schultz
C. It was a small company D. It made special coffee makers
3.Who is Howard Schultz?
A. a coffee seller from New York B. the man who changed the company
C. an Italian coffee maker D. one of the original owners of the company
4.About how many new Starbucks opened in 1999?
A. 3 B. 150 C. 300 D. more than 1000
5.What helps Starbucks succeed in places outside the United States?
A. opening restaurants in just a few locations each year.
B. only selling locally produced coffee beans
C. working with other major coffee-making companies
D. learning about local customers.
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科目:高中英語 來源:2014屆廣東省梅州市高一下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題 題型:單項填空
Washington, a state in the United States, was named _______one of the greatest American presidents.
A. in memory of B. by means of C. instead of D. in remembering of
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