8.Six years ago,a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together.Several minutes after her leaving,the men murdered a person working in the building.Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects,and could possibly describe them.In an interview with police,her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear.
Several days later,psychologist Ronald P.Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman.Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough (突破)-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects.She then recalled several details about his appearances.This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case.
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (認知的) interview,a kind of memory-rebuilding process.In its original form,the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques:thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events,reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected,retelling events in kinds of time orders,beginning to end,end to beginning,forward or backward,and accepting different views while recalling events.
Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words,with no interviewer interruptions.The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques,such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training,while error rates remain about the same.
62.What is the purpose of this passage?D
A.To give an description of a murder case in an office.
B.To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.
C.To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.
D.To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.
63.The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more byC.
A.strengthening her memory
B.giving her encouragement
C.rebuilding her memory
D.giving her more time
64.It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview,the interviewer mainly plays aA role.
A.directing
B.questioning
C.disappointing
D.interrupting
65.What is the key point of the cognitive interview?B
A.The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.
B.The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.
C.The interview should take place outside the police station.
D.The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,屬于說明文,六年前,一名邁阿密女子走在辦公大樓的大廳,隨便注意到兩名男子站在一起,離開后幾分鐘,這些男子謀殺了一名在大樓工作的人員.警方調查人員確定,該名女子是唯一一名曾有看到這兩名嫌疑犯,可能會形容他們.在接受警方采訪時,她對男人的記憶令人失望.本文以此展開,主要給讀者講述了一個認知方式的方法.
解答 62.D.主旨大意題.閱讀全文,根據(jù)文章內容可知,六年前,一名邁阿密女子走在辦公大樓的大廳,隨便注意到兩名男子站在一起,離開后幾分鐘,這些男子謀殺了一名在大樓工作的人員.警方調查人員確定,該名女子是唯一一名曾有看到這兩名嫌疑犯,可能會形容他們.在接受警方采訪時,她對男人的記憶令人失望.本文以此展開,主要給讀者講述了一個認知面試的方法.故選D.
63.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (認知的) interview,a kind of memory-rebuilding process.可知,認知面試通過記憶重建幫助女人更多地回憶起來.故選C.
64.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words,with no interviewer interruptions.The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques,such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.可以推測出,面試者起著指導性的作用.故選A.
65.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.可知,證人被鼓勵在重建信息方面發(fā)揮積極作用.
點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,推理判斷題.做題時學生應仔細閱讀原文,把握文章主要內容,聯(lián)系文章上下文內容并結合所給選項含義,從中選出正確答案,一定要做到有理有據(jù),切忌胡亂猜測