15.Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleepdeficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally energetic."
Perhaps the mostmerciless robber of sleep,researches say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours'sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleepdeficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleepdeficit,performance suffers,"says Dr David."Shortterm memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
24.What is the main topic of the passage?A
A.Research on the causes and consequences of sleepdeficit.
B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.The history of people's sleeping patterns.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
25.Which of the following is Dr David's opinion?D
A.People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B.Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours'sleep a night.
C.If they get 8.5hours'sleep,people will be full of drive and ambition.
D.People's mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
26.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night becauseC.
A.they were forced by their parents to do so
B.they knew what was best for their health
C.they had no electricity
D.they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
27.What does the word"subjects"in Paragraph 4mean?C
A.Persons or things being discussed or described.
B.Branches of knowledge studied in a school.
C.Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D.Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler.
分析 本文主要講了研究員對睡眠不足對人類的影響做試驗研究.
解答 24.A 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit.為了確定睡眠不足的后果.本文主要講了研究員對睡眠不足對人類的影響做試驗研究.所以答案選A.
25.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."我們發(fā)現(xiàn)如果睡眠不足,行為會受到影響,"Dr.David說,"短期記憶能力減弱,像做出決定和集中注意力等都會受到影響.所以答案選D.
26.C 推理判斷題.根據(jù)"The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."最好的睡眠習(xí)慣是被迫養(yǎng)成,當我們晚上在農(nóng)場里什么也沒做的時候,天已經(jīng)黑了.可以推斷出他們沒有電,所以答案選C.
27.C 猜測詞義題.根據(jù)through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,通過一系列他們的心理和性能測試.subjects指的是被測試的人或者物,故選C.
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點.