4.If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls,what can explain girls'poor performance in science and mathematics?
It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause.Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys,and therefore,as girls become teenagers,they are less likely to take them.Interestingly,both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult.Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses,not because they are difficult,but for social reasons.Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine(女性的) and attractive.
However,if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses,there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls.This difference appears to be worldwide.Biological explanations have been offered for this,but there are other explanations too.
Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences.From their first days in kindergarten,boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks.Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.
Besides,there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students.They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls.They spend more time with the boy students,giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them.They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion.They also praise boys more frequently.All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.
Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses,nor is it likely to support girls who do.When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.
33.The text mainly discussesC reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements.
A.biological
B.historical
C.social
D.personal
34.What are boys usually encouraged to do at school?B
A.To get help with their homework.
B.To play the leading role in class.
C.To work with girl students in class.
D.To learn to take care of others.
35.The author would probably agree thatB.
A.boys and girls learn in the same way
B.boys and girls are equal in general intelligence
C.girls are more confident in themselves than before
D.girls should take fewer science courses than boys.
分析 作者主要探討的是學(xué)校教育,甚至學(xué)前教育所造成的影響.
解答 33.C考查概括主旨大意的能力.文中第三段雖提到了biological reason,但這并不是作者要強(qiáng) 調(diào)的."Biological explanations have been offered for this,but there are other explanations too."再看全文,作者主要探討的是學(xué)校教育,甚至學(xué)前教育所造成的影響,屬于social reasons.答案為C.
34.B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題.文章第五段在討論學(xué)校教育時(shí)說"They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion."男孩子們經(jīng)常被鼓勵(lì)在班里起帶頭作用.答案為B.
35.B考查對作者觀點(diǎn)的理解.文章第一句話說If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls,what can explain girls'poor performance in science and mathematics?…It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause",表明作者承認(rèn)男女之間智力并無大的差異,導(dǎo)致他們后天在理科方面的差距的直接原因是學(xué)校教育.之后作者不再提智力方面的差異,說明作者承認(rèn)這個(gè)前提.答案為B.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)科教類類閱讀理解,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).