【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods.1 method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree 2 a discussion takes place.

Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom 3 not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time 4(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish 5listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view 6 someone is listening.7 of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of 8 is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,9 everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works 10 (well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.

【答案】

1Whichever

2how

3should

4denies

5to be listened

6unless

7None

8what

9in which

10better

【解析】

本文為說明文。本文主要說明如何在課堂進(jìn)行有效討論的方法。一個富有成效的討論,孩子和老師應(yīng)該就如何進(jìn)行討論達(dá)成一致。討論要遵循兩個基本的原則,即一個人自己的自由不應(yīng)妨礙他人的自由。民主社會中的個人享有平等權(quán)利,人人都有話語權(quán)。第二是每次只能聽一個人講話,要學(xué)會傾聽,每個人都能回答問題。這樣才會使討論更有效。

1考查讓步狀語從句。句意:無論采用哪種方法,都應(yīng)有助于兒童之間以及教師與兒童之間的對話,并使之富有成效。根據(jù)語境可知,此空格是修飾名詞different methods。根據(jù)前句中有different methods,本句是指上文中提到的不同方法中的無論哪一種,有范圍中的無論哪一種,應(yīng)該用whichever,表示無論哪一種方法。故填Whichever。

2考查賓語從句。句意:在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中,孩子和老師應(yīng)該就討論的方式達(dá)成一致。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處是指就討論的方式達(dá)成一致,即 如何討論達(dá)成一致,表方式,故填how。

3考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:最好的原則當(dāng)然是一個人自己的自由不應(yīng)妨礙他人的自由。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示一種建議,即應(yīng)該如何做。should 表示提出建議,表示應(yīng)該,可以。故填should。

4考查謂語動詞。句意:一個總是說話的孩子會剝奪他人的發(fā)言權(quán)。分析句子可知,本句的主語是三人稱單數(shù)a child,根據(jù)全文可知,此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時,即用denies,故填denies。

5考查動詞不定式。句意:如果我們希望別人傾聽,我們就應(yīng)該傾聽別人。“wish to do sth”為固定搭配,意為希望做某事。但是也要注意此處用動詞不定式的被動,由語境可知,此處表示我們希望被傾聽,表示方式。故填to be listened。

6考查條件狀語從句。句意:除非有人在聽,否則發(fā)表觀點是沒有意義的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處缺少連詞。根據(jù)句意,表示除非有人傾聽,否則發(fā)表意見也沒有意義的。連詞unless意為除非,故填unless。

7考查不定代詞。句意:我們沒有人能夠同時聽一個以上的人講話,所以另一個黃金規(guī)則應(yīng)該是:一次只能聽一個人講話。根據(jù)后面的另一個黃金規(guī)則是一次只有一個人說話,可知沒有人(none)能夠一次同時傾聽很多人講話。故填None。

8考查賓語從句。句意:傾聽意味著不僅要聽單詞,而且要注意所說內(nèi)容的意思。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),從句中缺少主語,名詞從句中缺少主語一般用what,用what表示正在被說的事情。故填what

9考查非限制性定語從句。句意:在理想的討論中,每個人都聽演講者的講話,允許每個人作出回應(yīng)。分析句子可知,本句是非限制性定語從句。the ideal discussion是先行詞,在定語從句中作狀語, in the discussion,要用in which,故填in which。

10考查形容詞比較級。句意:當(dāng)遵守了某些基本的討論規(guī)則時,討論會更有效。根據(jù)語境可知,前后句暗含比較,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)后句的方法更好。故填better

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