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________ three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.

A．Having defeated

B．To have defeated

C．Having been defeated

D．To have been defeated

判斷邏輯主語the boxer與defeat之間的關(guān)系可知，兩者構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用defeat的過去分詞形式defeated，同時該動作發(fā)生在decided to give up fighting之前，故用完成結(jié)構(gòu)的被動式having been defeated，答案選C項。

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆山東省淄博市重點中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

The Wife-carrying World Championship has been celebrated in a small town in central Finland since 1992. in 1992, the people of the town decided that it was time to restart some long-forgotten traditions. Back in the late 1800s, there was a robber called Rosvo-Ronkainen in that area. He was said to only accept men as members of his gang who proved their worth in challenges. At that time, it was also a common practice to steal women from neighboring villages.
The Wife-carrying World Championship is becoming increasingly popular. A large number of competitors, people, and journalists from Finland to Canada attend the Wife-carrying World championship every year.
The event is well-known for its warm and humorous atmosphere. The Wife-carrying World Championship is held on a 253.5 meters long official track. The track has two dry obstacles and a water obstacle, about a meter deep.
There are a few basic rules and the winning team is the couple who complete the course in the shortest time. The wife to be carried may be your own, or your neighbor’s. the minimum weight of the wife to be carried is 49kg. if she is less than 49kg, the wife will be given a heavy bag to carry. Each time a competitor drops his wife, that couple will be fined 15 seconds.
Along with the Wife-carrying World Championship, there is also a team competition. The distance is the same but three men in the team carry the wife in turns. At the exchange point the carrier has to drink the official “wife-carrying drink” before continuing the race. A special prize is awarded to the team with the best costumes.
Alongside with the Wife-carrying World Championship, there are bands playing music, a wife-carrying dance and other forms of entertainment.
【小題1】According to the passage, the Wife-carrying World championship ___________.

A．was first celebrated in 1992.

B．was first held by Rosvo-Ronkainen

C．is celebrated in Finland or Canada every year

D．will award “wife-carrying drinks” to the winners

【小題2】 The Wife-carrying World championship is famous because ___________.

A．it is held on a 253.5 meters long track

B．many competitors take part in it

C．it has a pleasant atmosphere

D．the winner will be awarded a lot of money

【小題3】 If a husband drops his wife three time in the competition, he will be fined ________.

A．15 seconds

B．35 seconds

C．45 seconds

D．60 seconds

【小題4】 compared with the Wife-carrying World championship, the team competition _______.

A．is more exciting	B．has a special prize
C．has a different track	D．has three teams altogether

【小題5】The passage is written mainly to ____________.

A．warn people that the competition is dangerous

B．a(chǎn)ttract more visitors to the Wife-carrying World championship

C．introduce how the Wife-carrying World championship has become popular

D．tell us something about the Wife-carrying World championship

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆江蘇省高一5月月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：其他題

The Nature of Stress

We are often faced with stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats,” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever（杠桿）that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (潰瘍) than is the “executive”.

Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.

People make various attempts to deal with their stress---removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.

Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods---two days before a midterm examination, a week later two days before the grades were announced, and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying---a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.

Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility（敏感性） to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response（免疫應(yīng)答）. In contrast, people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.

People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.

Title：The Nature of Stress

1._________ makes people more stressed	Events that can’t be 2.__________ are more stressful. Events that are3.________will make animals or people more stressed.
How to 4. _____stress	● Remove the cause of the stress. ●5.________to friends for help. ● Reinterpret the situation.
Do something to change the problem that 6._______ the stress.
Regulate our distressing emotional responses.
Effects of social support	Support and protection from society make people feel less7.____.
Strong social ties make people both physically and 8.___________ healthy.
Types of social support	Appraisal support 9.____________ evaluate and clarify a problem.
Informational support gives advice on how to solve a problem.
Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get10._______ the stress.