20.Living in the wild can be hard.Finding food and staying safe aren't easy.Each day,animals struggle to survive in their habitats.Not all animals get by on their own.Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals.These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships.
In a symbiotic relationship,the animals depend on each other.One animal helps the other meet its needs.Sounds good,right?Not always.Some animals are not very kind to their partners.In some cases,one animal meets its needs but hurts its partner.Take ticks,for example.These insects suck blood to live.To get blood,they attach themselves to other kinds of animals.Ticks can pass germs that cause disease instead of helping their hosts.
In other relationships,animals don't treat their partners so poorly Both animals benefit from living with the other animal.
Small animals called cleaner shrimps have found a way of helping fish at coral reefs.As their name suggests,the shrimps clean the fish.They hang out at what scientists call a cleaning station.A fish stops by.Then a shrimp climbs onto the fish and even steps into the fish's mouth.The shrimp uses its tiny claws to pick stuff off the fish's body.That can include dead skin,tiny pieces of food,and wee creatures that can hurt the fish.The fish gets a nice cleaning.The shrimp enjoys a tasty meal offish trash.
Small birds called plovers are also in the cleaning business.They have big customers-crocodiles.Crocs have long snouts(鼻子)filled with sharp teeth,Cleaning them is tricky.When a croc opens its mouth,the plover hops right in.The croc does not snap its snout shut.Instead,it lets the plover eat small,harmful animals attached to its teeth.The plover gets an easy meal while the croc gets clean teeth.
9.The text is mainly aboutB.
A.the hard life in the wild
B.a(chǎn)nimals in a symbiotic relationship
C.a(chǎn)nimals living together
D.some dangerous animals
10.According to the text,in a symbiotic relationship,D.
A.a(chǎn)nimals depend on each other
B.birds depend on animals for food
C.both sides can get help
D.not all animals treat their partners well
11.Why do the cleaner shrimps clean the fish?A
A.To get fish trash for food.
B.To eat wee creatures.
C.To help fish go out of coral reefs.
D.To get food for fish.
12.According to the text,it can be inferred thatB.
A.living in the wild can be hard
B.different animals have different living ways
C.crocodiles mainly live on plovers
D.ticks are useful to some animals.
分析 本文主要介紹了生物界存在的共生現(xiàn)象.在自然界中,不同的動物有不同的生存方式,有些生物之間存在一種合作關(guān)系,他們相互依存,各取所需.而有的是單方面獲利,而且并不是所有的動物都對它們的共生伙伴友好.
解答 9--12 BDAB
9.B.主旨大意題.根據(jù)"Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals.These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships."并聯(lián)系上下文可知本文主要介紹了生物界的一種共生現(xiàn)象,很多生物之間存在相互依存、相互幫助的關(guān)系.故選B.
10.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段"Take ticks,for example.These insects suck blood to live.To get blood,they attach themselves to other kinds of animals.Ticks can pass germs that cause disease instead of helping their hosts."可知并不是所有的動物都對它們的共生伙伴很友好.壁虱就是這樣的例子.故選D.
11.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)"The fish gets a nice cleaning.The shrimp enjoys a tasty meal offish trash."可知清潔蝦清洗魚是為了把魚身上的垃圾作為食物.故選A.
12.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)"Not all animals get by on their own.Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals.These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships."可知有些動物是靠自己去捕捉食物,有些動物是靠共生來獲取食物,也就是說不同的動物有不同的生存方式.故選B.
點(diǎn)評 此題主要考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時要結(jié)合原文和提干有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.做主旨大意題時考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn),確定主旨.