2. 今天早上瑪麗(Mary) 第一個(gè)到校。

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                                C

                           ★★ ★ ★★

          Many authors Have become masters of a particular genre (類型) of fiction,but very few can claim to have had such an effect that they created a genre themselves. One such author is J. R. R. Tolkein. He created not only Middle Earth,the stage for his giant fantasy The Lord of the Rings,but also a whole genre of fantasy fiction.

          Tolkein's distinctive contribution was to create a wonderful world and populate it with wise wizards,bold (大膽自信的) knights,and a lot of other characters,including dwarfs. He also created his own contribution,the hobbit. Hobbits were small people,who had distinctive hairy feet. They were characterized by honest common sense and rather complex social lives. In his work,it is evidently the hobbits with whom Tolkein sympathized the most.

           What made Tolkein's  work so fascinating was that it was a perfectly realized work of fantasy. Every detail in his stories rang true. This is because Tolkein spent so much time working and thinking about Middle Earth. His later books showed clearly to what extent he had created this entire world,complete with detailed maps and even the languages of the main characters.

           It must be remembered that Tolkein was writing in a time when the First World War had just finished,and another was about to begin. In his book,he stressed the bravery and determination of the small people without whom victory was impossible. This was the lesson that Tolkein felt had to be learned from the horrors of the First World War 一 the decisions which shaped the fate of nations were made by the ruling class,but they were implemented (實(shí)施） by the common people of the country.

            Though his book brought him worldwide fame,Tolkein continued to live modestly at Oxford University,where he worked. He was a close friend of another great writer of his day,C. S.Lewis,who also taught there. However,while Lewis was more relaxed about his fame,Tolkein never really got used to it,and he was quite embarrassed by the admiration of many tourists who came to see him. 

9. What do we learn about ToIkein's  work?

   A. It was created in a hurry.

   B. It was part of his scientific research.

.   C. It was written to create new languages.

   D. It showed a complete period that seemed true.

10. What does Tolkein believe in?

   A. The great effects of war.

   B. The certainty of victory. 

   C. The decisions of the ruling class.

   D. The power of the common people.

11. What was the difference between Tolkein and Lewis?

   A. They had different opinions about travel.

   B. They worked at different universities.

   C. They responded differently to fame.

   D. They looked at modesty differently.

12. What is the main purpose of the text?

   A. To introduce Tolkein's work and life.

   B. To show Tolkein's important influences.

   C. To explain the concept of Middle Earth.

   D. To discuss the genre of fantasy fiction.

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